One way: separately embed sender, recipients, subject, body - then use the embedding vectors as input to a logistic classifier
With that setup, I get 95% accuracy on email classification, training on 50-100 base examples. The model trains on CPU in under 1min, and it does inference in under 20ms (most of it is running the embeddings, so you can make it faster if you train your own embeddings model)
That code applies the embeddings + classifier setup on the Banking77 dataset. It gets 93-94% accuracy depending on the embeddings you use (SOTA for this is ~95%, with much bigger and slower models)
There are two parts in the data you supply to Jev for classification - the prompt describing your classification and the data. The data can be quite small - a simple chat message. And prompt part could be considerable since you need to describe your rubrics well.
With Jev you each time pay for your prompt, you can't cache it.
For a moment I thought this was going to be a metaphor — maybe an ancient Chinese proverb about how paint brushes are made from horsehair and how you can't hold the horse to paint before you've turned the hair into a brush.
My bots are all named Jeeves lol. I have a CLI tool I use that connects up to a LLM I made and I call it Jeeves too ...so funny. I really didn't use Jeeves all that much I tended to use...I think it was called Web crawler pre-google era
I just did a run with a benchmark I just used to test other models against. (It's about detecting irony in german soccer tweets). On my M5 Pro with 48GB it took over 30min to decide on just 100 tweets, the thinking definitely takes long.
It performed quite below Jev, but above other open decision models I tested (68 correct vs 79 correct for Jev - see [1]). I'm running it for the moderation benchmark as well, but that will probably take a few hours on my machine.
Doesn't the fact that it's general purpose warrant a new term? It's partly that it doesn't need to be trained, but it's also able to play games based on game state, I'd imagine it would be hard to train a classifier to do something like this because you'd need to represent a good distribution of all the states. The general purpose llm world understanding underneath it allows for this.
I've used it to do web research where it follows the most appropriate links, decides what to record in state, etc. I struggle to see how you could implement something with a classifier. That said, I have no idea how deep the technology is and it might be replaced with open source pretty quickly since its drafting of the frontier models and the open source models seem almost as good.
I like the term decision model and I think it's warranted.
just get an LLM to think and then force it to output a specific json with prefill post-think.
make sure to include good conditioning text in the prompt with examples of exactly what the output should be like. you don't want dissonance in the probabilities on the prefill.
A classifier is a subset of generative text, so I think responses like this miss the point. Jev is cheap enough and fast enough to sprinkle across your app in ways that LLM would be infuriatingly laggy and unnecessarily expensive, and it's never going to be injected to provide a sorting algorithm in python.
The point isn't that new type of problem has been unlocked, rather a new approach that can unlock new use cases.
when you want a machine to reason about the prompt and generate a structured output not using an actual LLM makes no sense. I have been doing it since the first chain of thought open models became available.
perhaps there may be a way to get a Jev-type model to think for a very specific number of steps to gain control over its latency, if so that would be the next step. truncating LLM thinking like this does not work well, and its thinking isn't efficient anyway.
Just curious, where has this term 'noul' come from for yes/no ansers?
/a bit more digging and..
A Noul performs a Bernoulli trial—an experiment with exactly two outcomes (yes or no)—but instead of picking one, it returns the calibrated probability (ranging from 0.0 to 1.0) that the statement is true.
Not quite.. that boolean is about whether the voltage exceeds some threshold. It's not about how close the voltage is to the circuit's maximum possible threshold, or how much it exceeds the threshold.
Seems like this is the way, a hybrid approach where some of the pipeline will be jev like and some traditional LLM depending on the nature of the work.
interesting bench list, what about benchmark against smaller or bigger models? 9B looks too huge for small like laya, and too small for llm-level decisions.
If the model does autoregressive reasoning before the decision, doesn't that give up much of what a Jev-style model buys you (a single forward pass, cheap calibrated probabilities)? Or is the point mainly to keep the typed output and probability interface while getting better accuracy on harder cases?
What is the point of this, if it is p90 17 seconds? Might as well use an LLM. The beauty of Jev is that it is dirt cheap and insanely fast.
I would hold your horses to paint it as dirt cheap.. In my cases for spam detection Luna was 20% cheaper due to prompt caching, although not as fast.
For email you can use a classifier
One way: separately embed sender, recipients, subject, body - then use the embedding vectors as input to a logistic classifier
With that setup, I get 95% accuracy on email classification, training on 50-100 base examples. The model trains on CPU in under 1min, and it does inference in under 20ms (most of it is running the embeddings, so you can make it faster if you train your own embeddings model)
Here’s a gist with some sample code: https://gist.github.com/nicobrenner/056a5aaff5d0119c0032ecda...
That code applies the embeddings + classifier setup on the Banking77 dataset. It gets 93-94% accuracy depending on the embeddings you use (SOTA for this is ~95%, with much bigger and slower models)
I wonder what numbers you'd get using another system one model - Contrastive Language Model https://contrastive-lm.notion.site/
That model scales very well with quantities of requests.
How are you benefiting from prompt caching for simple classification?
There are two parts in the data you supply to Jev for classification - the prompt describing your classification and the data. The data can be quite small - a simple chat message. And prompt part could be considerable since you need to describe your rubrics well.
With Jev you each time pay for your prompt, you can't cache it.
> hold your horses to paint it as dirt cheap
For a moment I thought this was going to be a metaphor — maybe an ancient Chinese proverb about how paint brushes are made from horsehair and how you can't hold the horse to paint before you've turned the hair into a brush.
Darmok and Jalad, at Tanagra
What are the costs compared to an ML model?
Jev ought to offer a flex mode that uses their spare capacity for a discount.
Ask Jeeves - Only took us 30 years to come full circle.
I met one of the founders once in Oakland. Amazing fella.
lol was thinking the exact same, named some ML projects Jeeves along the way...
this was the comment i came here for
My bots are all named Jeeves lol. I have a CLI tool I use that connects up to a LLM I made and I call it Jeeves too ...so funny. I really didn't use Jeeves all that much I tended to use...I think it was called Web crawler pre-google era
I used Altavista
I just did a run with a benchmark I just used to test other models against. (It's about detecting irony in german soccer tweets). On my M5 Pro with 48GB it took over 30min to decide on just 100 tweets, the thinking definitely takes long.
It performed quite below Jev, but above other open decision models I tested (68 correct vs 79 correct for Jev - see [1]). I'm running it for the moderation benchmark as well, but that will probably take a few hours on my machine.
[1] https://tn1ck.com/blog/jevdit
How's the performance compared to ordinary 9B LLM with structured outputs? Both accuracy and speed?
This reminds me of "on-premise cloud".
Super dope. If it would ship as prod ready code supporting mps as well that would be even doper.
But funny that jev is getting its lunch eaten apparently in under two weeks?
it just a classifier. I guess we have to thank typesafe for spending VC money on marketing classifiers as decision models instead.
Doesn't the fact that it's general purpose warrant a new term? It's partly that it doesn't need to be trained, but it's also able to play games based on game state, I'd imagine it would be hard to train a classifier to do something like this because you'd need to represent a good distribution of all the states. The general purpose llm world understanding underneath it allows for this.
I've used it to do web research where it follows the most appropriate links, decides what to record in state, etc. I struggle to see how you could implement something with a classifier. That said, I have no idea how deep the technology is and it might be replaced with open source pretty quickly since its drafting of the frontier models and the open source models seem almost as good.
I like the term decision model and I think it's warranted.
> I'd imagine it would be hard to train a classifier to do something like this because you'd need to represent a good distribution of all the states
Yes, one general classifier would be very hard to train. However, you can create a sort of ensemble of classifiers, each trained in different tasks
I’m currently experimenting with this. So far I’ve combined classifiers for 13 different datasets, my target is 95 (the ones Laya used for training)
It’s ok, one week of AI hype is now enough to close a billion-dollar term sheet with VCs.
Any good classifiers like this or Jev that support image input?
I'd assume this would work with Qwen's image encoder probably better after a bit of tuning
you don't need to post-train anything for this.
just get an LLM to think and then force it to output a specific json with prefill post-think.
make sure to include good conditioning text in the prompt with examples of exactly what the output should be like. you don't want dissonance in the probabilities on the prefill.
A classifier is a subset of generative text, so I think responses like this miss the point. Jev is cheap enough and fast enough to sprinkle across your app in ways that LLM would be infuriatingly laggy and unnecessarily expensive, and it's never going to be injected to provide a sorting algorithm in python.
The point isn't that new type of problem has been unlocked, rather a new approach that can unlock new use cases.
this is exactly why Jev doesn't have thinking.
when you want a machine to reason about the prompt and generate a structured output not using an actual LLM makes no sense. I have been doing it since the first chain of thought open models became available.
perhaps there may be a way to get a Jev-type model to think for a very specific number of steps to gain control over its latency, if so that would be the next step. truncating LLM thinking like this does not work well, and its thinking isn't efficient anyway.
Just curious, where has this term 'noul' come from for yes/no ansers?
/a bit more digging and..
A Noul performs a Bernoulli trial—an experiment with exactly two outcomes (yes or no)—but instead of picking one, it returns the calibrated probability (ranging from 0.0 to 1.0) that the statement is true.
I hate it :)
I like it. It is short and distinct which is a good fit for a primitive. It describes its fundamental meaning and draws a connotation with Boolean.
In Bayesian statistics that’s called credence. Weird that they felt the need to invent a new term.
The whole "no hallucinations" premise is based on that.
Like, yeah, you don't hallucinate, but only because you force the user to decide in the end.
force the user to decide in the end
And that's...bad?
Not entirely.
I think, it's a bit much to call this "no hallucinations".
Technically true, but in practice you could still choose the wrong result or the probabilities can be off.
That seems like the only possible way to eliminate hallucination, short of a model that is never wrong.
Wait til you hear about how digital circuits work at die level
Bernoulli
If you want to get super pedantic about what’s happening in a transistor every digital Boolean is actually this
Not quite.. that boolean is about whether the voltage exceeds some threshold. It's not about how close the voltage is to the circuit's maximum possible threshold, or how much it exceeds the threshold.
In an analog circuit, maybe.
Seems like this is the way, a hybrid approach where some of the pipeline will be jev like and some traditional LLM depending on the nature of the work.
How general really are these jev type models? Has anyone done any broad very cross-domain eval on them?
Are there "good" Open source Decision models built on Gemma-4 and also trainiable on own data?
see: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49883844
The diffusion drafter adaptation is nice
This isn't really surprising. LLM reasoning and before that, chain of thought prompting are essentially forms of test-time compute scaling.
what about benchmark against smaller or bigger models? 9B looks too small for llm-level decisions.
In my experience, Jev is only faster because it's a small shitty model. Any objections?
I'm surprised we haven't seen a "Jehovah" yet.
With the amount of talk about "inventing god", I'm surprised too.
interesting bench list, what about benchmark against smaller or bigger models? 9B looks too huge for small like laya, and too small for llm-level decisions.
See if it can beat Jev's Pokémon benchmark
what benchmark this one or it's just fun?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49845172
I guess it's not really a benchmark but you could say if it can do it faster it sort of could be taken as one.
Jeeves, that's a name I haven't heard in a long time...
Personally I’m happy that after a 30 year effort and hundreds of billions spent, AskJeeves finally works as intended.
If Jeeves returned as an AI chat bot it would be the most brilliant resurgence of nostalgia
jeeves is currently the name of my local hosted assistant, in its context there are rules that tell it to behave like good old jeeves.
soon I'll make sure that my home assistant pod answers to "Hey jeeves"
We locked him in the basement with Clippy, Bob and BonziBuddy. Who opened the damn basement door???
…a long time.
Jev-like models give calibrated decision probabilities, but at low accuracy.
So why didn't they show both??
So "askjeeves" has been resurrected?
If the model does autoregressive reasoning before the decision, doesn't that give up much of what a Jev-style model buys you (a single forward pass, cheap calibrated probabilities)? Or is the point mainly to keep the typed output and probability interface while getting better accuracy on harder cases?