What a strange article, from somebody who should understand the underlying technology (click on the “books” tab - the author is a technologist).
This is not about AI, the author is mostly just pointing out that Spotify was not designed for classical music.
This is a product issue. Spotify DJ is essentially “shuffle with some voice interludes”. There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
Besides, AI is not one thing. It’s weird to generalise “This beta spotify feature doesn’t serve me, hence AI is useless”. For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
Honestly the whole post and tone are just baffling. It’s mixing up all sorts of opinions and trying to put them under one umbrella, and about 50% of the text is just name dropping specific classical pieces.
I happen to agree that the Spotify DJ feature is terrible, but I think this is a very ineffective way of presenting the argument.
His 'Annotated Turing' (a reproduction of On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, with explanation and walk-through) got me into CS vs. prior interest mainly in EE.
“Code” is one of the best books I’ve ever read. I don’t usually read 500 page books but this one flew. Even if you know most of what’s being discussed it’s such a delightful ride.
> Microsoft provides two frameworks for developing Windows applications: MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and Win32. MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) is a Microsoft framework for developing Windows applications in the C++ programming language. Win32 is a collection of functions and data structures provided by Microsoft for the development of Windows applications. [0]
That's old info. Now there is also .NET Framework, .NET (Core), C++/WinRT and more. In the end all of them use either pure Win32 APIs or COM APIs including MFC.
I was surprised to see a post by Petzold on this subject. I know who he is. But I don’t think you owe an apology here. I think you made a thoughtful comment. A post like his should be critiqued for what it says, not for the author’s previous work. And, fortunately, other people could give context on the significant work he has done.
I'm familiar with the subject matter. I'm not familiar with the author.
I love classical music. I've been singing in a choir since I was 7, playing the piano since the same age, and compose music myself (https://youtu.be/7Tex-OUk6ZM). I’m actually on my way to church right now to sing some Howells.
I use Spotify every day
I use AI every day
I have enough familiarity with the subject to have an opinion and express it. I'm sorry that I haven't read the author's book.
I love classical music, and I am convinced that 90% of the reason people think they don't is because of people like the Charles Petzold. Deriving your self worth from being an enjoyer of art that someone else created is the high pretention.
> For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
Given the author's background I believe it's intentional ragebait. It's as ridiculous as saying LLM can't count the number of Rs so it cannot generate grammatically correct sentences. No way he really thinks the logic is sound.
Spotify's DJ also isn't an LLM. It's just a shuffle with structured interludes and a TTS engine. IIRC it launched in early 2023 and has been the same since.
The product organization at Spotify is a master class in dysfunctional product organizations. Compare the feature parity of the desktop and mobile applications and you'll find random features available in one but not the other. Try to do basically anything in CarPlay other than select a different recently-played playlist and you'll be able to do it 10x faster by picking up your phone and doing it there.
> For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
That isn't really a category error. It's more begging the question. It makes the assumption that the ability to DJ music is the same ability as being able to compose music, and uses that assumption to suggest the conclusion that a failure to DJ classical movement would necessarily result in the failure to compose same. A category error would be assigning a property to AI that it cannot have. It would look more like, "if AI can't DJ music, we have no way to know what color it is."
Also, a DJ isn’t typically tasked with playing an entire symphony (or pop album, for that matter) on request from start to finish. I’m sure there are a handful of DJs in niche situations who do this at listening bars and on the radio, but it seems pretty rare.
Honestly a human DJ might well do what the Spotify DJ does — play a popular piece that matches the outlandish request and then transition to other music.
To torture the metaphor further - it's also a personal dj, with an audience and customer of 1. Somewhat by definition there can be no outlandish requests, certainly not "play this entire piece".
If I told the DJ at my wedding to play an album front to back, and they transitioned to Aerosmith, I'd be tapping a friend to run the music the rest of the night.
I’m fairly certain Spotify’s core meta data adheres to the US music industry largely set / reinforby Nielsen.
I’m curious why the author would want to happen with the feature if not move from 1 artist to another
For chart reporting? Am unfamiliar with the Nielsen standard, but given the state of musical metadata more broadly it's probably not very sophisticated.
Would expect any provider like Spotify to just export the reports Nielsen requires, not design their core systems around it.
> It makes the assumption that the ability to DJ music is the same ability as being able to compose music
And yet an awful lot of musicians are also DJs. It's almost like spending a lot of time playing music and watching how people react to it give you a good sense of how the underlying processes of creating it can work.
I think quite the opposite for precisely the reason you're saying?
Which is to say, he's doing a very good job of reminding you/us nerds that "there should be no excuse for this, technical or otherwise." The technology exists to make this work very well and has for sometime; I GET why it's not working now, but that doesn't make it any less garbage.
Every modern streaming platform seems to be focused on the relationship between contemporary singles - who featured on what, what's trending, if you like this current pop artist you'll like this other one. Setting aside OP's interest in classical music this approach doesn't even work for popular music from the 60s to 90s when the primary format was the album. God help you if you try to use voice commands to play Help! (the album by the Beatles) and instead get Help! (the title track by the Beatles).
If you have the slightest knowledge of classical music you would know it should not be mixed like in a dj set, and you would not optimize your dj algorithm for it.
I think you could pick out a movement from this and then a movement from that. I can see somebody wanting to have classical music playing all day without having to pick out specific tracks, like listening to the radio.
I think the auto DJ feature is already well capable of that: having tracks playing the all day.
But if you want to preserve the original composition of classical music, you have to play the track start to finish, preferably with a small pause between tracks as well.
You are very right, using a generalized LLM in combination with good music search and metadata tools works very well for this sort of thing. I know because I built a platform that does this. The big limiter isn't the tech, it's what the rights-holders will allow. They maintain tight control over their catalogs because renting that intellectual property is their entire business model. This makes them very cautious about letting any actually useful AI near their music and metadata.
> you would know it should not be mixed like in a dj set, and you would not optimize your dj algorithm for it.
Yet the computer program happily tried to do it anyway. It would be much better to fail with a clear error message than to try to proceed and emit garbage.
Yeah, if he wants to listen to your complete albums, it’s unclear to me why he would be using a DJ feature or expected the DJ to do that. Just play the albums manually or set up playlist. It’s like having a six CD changer and putting it on shuffle and then complaining that it shuffles.
Interesting, i never heard of anything similar before, but i'm quite sure the classical music fans would also hate on him for ruining the original compositions.
I love electronic renditions of classical music. Trance does this often (Tiesto, Armin van Buuren, William Orbit, Ferry Corsten and others) and it's some of the best work they put out. To me, it's like a natural progression from classical minimalism, such as Phillip Glass or Max Richter.
I've played the violin since I was a kid (only for fun now). I can find something I love about almost any musical genre and I'm sure I'm not the only one.
The blend of classical and techno must come from the techno side. I remember many years ago listening to CBC Radio as they breathlessly talked about some avant garde classical piece that purported to blend classical and techno. It was a mid tier modern classical composition with occasional cheap synth sound effects. And this was ten years after Portishead released their entire first album, recorded with an orchestra, or all the work that Massive attack was doing.
William Orbit did an album of electronic arrangements of classical music 25 years ago. Not that it prevents anyone else from doing it. But it's not a completely novel idea.
Remixing art has been done since the invention of art. It doesn't ruin anything if the original work is preserved.
No one is required to like it. But the word 'hate' is a bit extreme, even in your example. Also, the group comprising "the classical music fans" is certain to include many who disagree with you.
When "me" is most classical music and this is a music platform I think the critique is not unwarranted. They could adapt it with special system prompts for classical.
Probably 50% of my listening is classical. If I want to listen to classical I just listen to albums. I’ve never had a problem with this. The concept of a DJ for classical music is just kind of weird.
Spotify is still bad for classical music because you can’t ex. search by composer or label of find alternative recordings of the same piece etc. If you know what album you want already its ok, but if you like classical you should really consider IDAGIO.
Isn’t fundamentally the issue that for any symphony by Beethoven or whoever that there are thousands of recordings of performances? So if I decide I want to listen to a certain one then I also need to pick a particular performance that a particular orchestra did a certain time?
As mentioned above, they bought Primephonic, which already had all those features. For myself, I used Primephonic until Apple bought it, then switched to Idagio, in order to minimize my connection with the Apple machine.
I love that app. They have Dolby atmos mixes which seem like overkill but I was completely floored putting on a double bass work and being completely immersed in the center of the sound. Obviously great for large ensembles but surprisingly awesome at solo works
And the play history integrates with the main Music app
building recommendation systems for classical music has a simple data problem- most recommendation systems (for spotify and others) are based on simple user listening histories that look at "people that listened to X also listened to Y".
this is a problem for classical (and jazz) for two reasons a) these genres are not particularly popular on the platform so there are few unique users and b) the songs are LONG so listening sessions contain fewer songs.
track cooccurance based recs work well for popular genres, but these other genres need a different approach to recs and that's actually where AI could do really well by digging into the unstructured data associated with the tracks (sonic analysis of the song, biographical information about the composer, details about featured soloists, etc) rather than relying on piles of user behavior.
I’m British so I guess the equivalent would be Radio 4. But no, not really tbh. I just find what I want and listen to it. I know some people really like Radio 4 though.
Spotify is definitely not trying very hard, the author is justified in complaining. I had a very similar experience. They are in a perfect position to be able to make something amazing, but they (and other streaming companies) are somewhat limited in what they can do because of their music licensing relationships. I was able to build something 100x better than their DJ using an off-the-shelf LLM and some well-crafted search/metadata tools. It has no problem doing what Petzold wanted. It's a much better way to interact with music than what the general public has access to now, and I would love to commercialize it, but the rights-holders (UMG, WMG, Sony, etc) are very protective of what they own. If you want to know more reply here or reach out to me at info@tunistry.com.
Cynthia Solomon has shared a treasure trove of rare classic videos of Seymour Papert, Marvin and Margaret Minsky, kids programming Logo and playing with turtles, and many other amazing things at the MIT AI Lab, MIT Media Lab, and Atari Cambridge Research:
> There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
Google’s Nest speakers have or had similar issues: they’d start any requested piece of (at least multi-movement) classical music somewhere in the middle and simply defy any instructions to start at the beginning, bizarre behaviour for a smart speaker.
The problem with this article is there are more than one way to be a DJ
>This is a product issue. Spotify DJ is essentially “shuffle with some voice interludes”. There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
And I would argue that is one of the stupidest ways.
The Complete Playlist argues for shuffling and serendipity for achieving accidental surprise and delight and clever juxtapositions, something that if you had an actually competent DJ could be guided and not left to chance.
A competent DJ makes musical arguments in relation to an aural environment in the same way a competent Philosopher may make intellectual arguments in relation to an environment of ideas.
Mixing that with the deterministic “play the songs requested instead of random crap” or even “play related classical music instead of random crap” is clearly not an impossibility.
It actually almost did the right thing. …but no, rather than handling the difficult edges cases like this, just do whatever for edges cases.
It is lazy.
Handling complex difficult edge cases is what differentiates good products from lazy ones.
You don’t use a DJ feature(/any recommendation feature) to play specific songs, you use the search bar. Again, a recommendation system that gave you just exactly what you asked for wouldn’t be a recommendation system!
Re:”play related music”, yeah clearly Spotify isn’t built for classical music. Maybe it should be — I certainly would vote for it to be a priority for a state-operated alternative! But calling a specific feature lazy because of a high-level corporate priority concerning content isn’t valid, IMHO.
The article isn’t about the DJ feature at all, despite claiming to be. It is very clearly and openly about Spotify not catering to classical music in general. It starts by calling all people who listen to anything other than classical music “illiterate”!
I have an intrinsinc interest and have been tinkering, fiddling, hacking and learning for 30 years. I've done it for money before, I've I've always done it for fun every spare moment I have.
I've never heard of your man here. Does that make me a lesser from your perspective?
I'm sick of this arrogent gatekeeping. Why does someone have to memorise names, dates and achievements to qualify as someone who loves what they do?
No, it does not make you any lesser. But if I were attacking "my man" (not my man), I´d do a bit of basic research. And I´d learn how to properly write "arrogant".
Totally agree. And also, this limitation of Spotify probably affects 0.00000001% of their users. In other words, it just doesn't matter (except to those 3 people)
I haven't tried AI DJ, so I can't comment on that, but I find it hard to empathize with the author. Not because the criticism lacks merits, but because there is no real attempt to explore the pro/cons of the tech. I see this pattern often with people who complain about AI. They pick a narrow case where it isn't good at and use it to dismiss the whole thing. AI isn't a human, it's going to have its limits.
Same thing I saw in AI-assisted coding. People complaining how AI- enabled some XYZ security risk, it's bad, it's crap. This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence? That should be good for at least a few things. Right?
Basically it's because what "AI" can do is extremely different from what "AI evangelists" claim it can do.
I haven't seen a single "AI evangelist" address any concerns and limitations, other by than "throw more AI at it" or "it will get better in 5 years, just in time for cold fusion".
> you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence
Like they created a full blown C compiler that "could compile linux" but in reality didn't pass its own tests?
If you constantly cry wolf, no one's going to believe you when the wolf actually comes.
> I haven't seen a single "AI evangelist" address any concerns and limitations
You see what you choose to focus on. I come across many people who are excited about the possibilities of AI-assisted coding, who are frustrated by its limitations, who share strategies for overcoming or avoiding those limitations, and s on. For a concrete and famous example, I would put Andrej Karpathy in this category. Where are you looking that you're not finding any of these people? linkedin?
In my experience the people who are excited about ai assisted coding are people who aren't good at coding in the first place and don't care about quality, consistency, or understanding what they are having it write, and people who have a vested interest in ai coding tools being used (leadership who want to say "my team uses ai" and "ai experts" who have a personal brand dependent on ai being successful)
AI assisted coding is really good as an enhanced auto-complete, often better as it picks up patterns in the code and will complete whole lines or chunks of code. There, I'll assess the results like any other auto-completed suggestions.
For other things like when asking questions I won't just blindly copy what the LLM is suggesting. I'll often rewrite it in a style that best fits the style of the codebase I'm working on, or to better fit it into what I'm trying to achieve. Also, if I've asked it for how to do a specific one-line query and it has rewritten a whole chunk of code, I'll only make use of that one line, or specific fix/change. -- This also helps me to understand the response from the LLM.
I'll then do testing to make sure that the code is working correctly, with unit tests where relevant.
The user you're replying to has made many similar posts like this. I previously tried engaging in good faith. I try not to fall into the XKCD 386 trap now, my time is better spent with Claude Code. Hope I can help save you some time too!
> Basically it's because what "AI" can do is extremely different from what "AI evangelists" claim it can do.
You always have people at both sides of the aisle though - people who say it can do much more than it can, and people who say it can do much less.
It's the same with all technologies - robotics, crypto, drug discovery, the internet, digital cameras, quantum computing, 3D Television, self-driving cars - it was probably the same with the steam engine. All of these will have had people who said that the technology would be useless and die (e.g. Napoleon and the steam engine), and others that would have said it was totally transformative.
Pointing to people who hold extreme opinions 'for' a particular technology that are overly-bullish, and then dismissing the technology based on that, isn't a particularly good strategy in my opinion.
> Like they created a full blown C compiler that "could compile linux" but in reality didn't pass its own tests?
Who's "they"?
> If you constantly cry wolf, no one's going to believe you when the wolf actually comes.
Who's "you"?
You seem to believe all AI advocates are of the same hivemind and they somehow think and behave collectively. Have you considered that they might be different people with individual opinions and motivations?
It's easy to address the limitations of AI by simply not using AI for those. No one forces you to use AI for tasks where its capabilities are limited; regardless, there are plenty of tasks where they aren't.
AI is very good at some things and very bad at others. Early on, many thought chess would be one of the last things mastered by computers, but they were wrong. It makes no sense to take the statement "AI is extremely bad at this task compared to humans" and conclude that AI must be useless or a waste of time.
In this case, the AI DJ is bad at picking out classical music. Okay, sure, whatever. But that doesn't automatically mean the AI DJ is bad at everything.
> Like they created a full blown C compiler that "could compile linux" but in reality didn't pass its own tests?
You are strawmanning hard here. Who is "they"? You are putting all "AI evangelists" into the same blob here, and instead of answering the questions at-hand you ignore them and respond in an ad-hominem style by attacking a project that someone else made, completely unrelated to this entire thread. That is not good faith discourse!
So you want to bring every conversation on the topic down to the level of the most idiotic fanboys making the most outlandish claims that are easiest to shoot down?
If this was JUST directly in response to these “AI evangelists”, a group which I’ll ignore that you’re unfairly treating as a monolith, that’d be fine.
However, every post here that says the slightest thing positive about AI’s abilities is always met with “yeah well it can’t do my dishes for me so it’s total garbage!” BS.
You yourself are bringing up “making a compiler” out of nowhere. Nobody but you brought that up here. Yet you’re using it as the be-all end-all yard stick, simultaneously completely ignoring and completely proving the argument that you’re replying to.
It’s amazing how big a % of the developer community has started acting like intentionally unintelligent petulant children the moment they’re faced with an iota of the sort of job security risk they’ve been inflicting on others for decades. Some of you need to grow up.
This appears to be a troll account, that only ever engages in heated discussions. Please, do not engage with it, folks :) On a related note, has anyone noticed actual bots commenting on HN? I sometimes feel discussions are a bit weird here.
> This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence?
I would guess it's for the same reasons that you're ignoring all the fixes necessary to get to an actual "full blown native Mac app". It's rarely a single sentence unless your app does something trivial like printing Hello World.
Oh, I was not comparing it with out-sourced development and was instead comparing it with developing it oneself.
Sure, outsourcing is similar, but the difference is one uses a process that is inherently probabilistic and will show up in every result, while other just depends on the probability of you getting a good team.
I suspect the unspoken premise was that it was all in context of people who - just like those who hire contractors - don’t have the capacity to do it themselves.
In this context I suspect a SotA LLM could sometimes beat some cost-comparable UpWork professionals in both quality and spec adherence. In other words, if you need an app and can’t do it yourself and have a tight budget, LLMs are quickly becoming a viable option for more and more complex apps (still only simple ones before it produces junk, but progress is pretty appalling)
>beat some cost-comparable UpWork professionals in both quality and spec adherence...
I am not sure I want to keep paying for something that needs some amount of luck on my side, to be useful. Writing elaborate plans for LLMs also feels a bit pointless when there is no hard and fast rule about how much of it will be followed ..
Apparently some people appear to be doing it, but I am afraid it is not something that will have a universal appeal..
> This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence?
Isn't that a bit overblown? I just fired up Copilot in VSCode and typed in "make me a DAW plugin that will inject MIDI control changes into the track output" and it didn't even know where to start.
What a strange take - you dismiss valid criticisms of Spotify product, just to venture off into the land of "well you can create a mac app with one sentence" as if that would matter here.
I don’t necessarily endorse the author’s broad conclusions about “AI”, but I will say that the Spotify DJ specifically is an enragingly bad product. Nothing close to the utility of Claude Code.
AI DJs for music feel a bit like AIs writing restaurant reviews. Possible in theory, but fundamentally I don’t really care what a machine thinks, I care about what a human, preferably an expert human, thinks.
I listen to a lot of DJ mixes on YouTube (Hör Berlin is great, for example) and part of the appeal is what this particular DJ picks: what kind of music are they listening to in the country they’re from, how are they interpreting it, what are they mixing it with, etc. For some DJs there’s also kind of a personal visual brand, like musicians themselves.
The idea of an anonymous AI picking an optimized list of music kind of defeats the purpose.
Curation is the future, and those with the depth and breadth of knowledge required to do it well will be in high demand. The human touch will become a selling point and attract those in the know.
While there has always been room for middle-of-the-road "content", there have also always been those that seek a higher value. I expect that segment to only grow.
I like using the automatic lists in soundcloud to discover new music. Often its hit or miss but it can surface some great tracks... Its intentional though, gotta have your finger on the skip track and heart...
Right but a good DJ introduces you to new music while fitting the track into the set as a whole. It’s not a random music discovery process, and oftentimes I’ll end up mostly preferring to listen to a song as a part of the set, not individually.
To use the food analogy again: sure, if you just eat random things on the menu, you might find new foods that you enjoy. But it’ll be a much better experience if the chef / restaurant is introducing you to new foods in an intelligent way, not randomly or “We see you like chicken, so try this other chicken dish.”
no idea how spotify ai specifically works (i don't use that service) but:
> fitting the track into the set as a whole. It’s not a random music discovery process
there have been plenty of attempts to analyze music and to automate track matching like the music genome (going back to '99) and while human DJ's definitely have their place (i actually listen to lots of those) it's not inconceivable that a lot of modern music could also be mixed and matched automatically with at least half-decent (to a human) results.
P.S. found the article itself pretty funny - like a nerdy, methodical complaint, just funny to read
Check out Paul Lamere's talk about playlisting that he presented at ISMIR 2010 (The International Society for Music Information Retrieval has conferences about all this stuff, and Paul founded The Echo Nest, which Spotify later bought):
ISMIR: The International Society for Music Information Retrieval
>Tutorial 4: Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial. The simple playlist, in its many forms -- from the radio show, to the album, to the mixtape has long been a part of how people discover, listen to and share music. As the world of online music grows, the playlist is once again becoming a central tool to help listeners successfully experience music. Further, the playlist is increasingly a vehicle for recommendation and discovery of new or unknown music. More and more, commercial music services such as Pandora, Last.fm, iTunes and Spotify rely on the playlist to improve the listening experience. In this tutorial we look at the state of the art in playlisting. We present a brief history of the playlist, provide an overview of the different types of playlists and take an in-depth look at the state-of-the-art in automatic playlist generation including commercial and academic systems. We explore methods of evaluating playlists and ways that MIR techniques can be used to improve playlists. Our tutorial concludes with a discussion of what the future may hold for playlists and playlist generation/construction.
I don’t think it’s impossible or anything, I just don’t think it would really result in anything particularly interesting. The best DJs often add such an obscure reference or song, dialogue from a movie, etc. that comes from their own individuality. Music recommendation systems seem to mostly operate on a tagging/descriptive basis, because obviously they don’t have real lives to draw these references from.
If an AI would make interesting DJ mixes that aren’t merely collections of similar music, I think they’d need to be constructed in a totally different way.
Using recommendation engines feels like wading through the sewers. Eventually you find some gems but you have to pass a lot of shit on the way. Listening to actual DJ sets is gem after gem. Only problem is if you are looking for stuff to dj with yourself, most of what they are playing is yet unreleased or private edits that never come out.
I much prefer the human curated 'casts or mix shows from DJs with early releases from labels that do a mix while telling you the track/artist/release date. These are clearly aimed at human DJs rather than the larger public. But as far as new recommendations, they are far superior to "automatic" lists from any platform.
I can't really tell the difference between the mixes Spotify has been generating for more than a decade, except that the DJ picks which mix and then an LLM writes some DJ patter to wrap around it. I've gotten a lot of value over the years out of Spotify picking what song comes next when my queue is empty, I've been introduced (or re-introduced) to a lot of good music this way but there is no magic to it, its just a ML recommendation/engagement model like many others.
Spotify has spent 5 years pushing podcasts and audio booms at me, despite me never clicking one and showing interest. Spotify has very little idea what I want, it seems.
There's a big difference between a real human DJ, especially one at a live event that can read the audience, versus what is essentially Spotify shuffle with some LLM voice in-between songs. It knows the song coming up next so it can spout off some random words it's pulled from various review sites. It's not really that impressive once you've used it, the Spotify shuffle and the generated song blurbs are the real tech running the show.
This isn’t really related to the core argument, but I think the author would be better served on just about every count by switching to Apple Music (Classical). The discovery and organization mechanisms are built for classical music first and make the whole project of finding, saving, and enjoying the material way better. They include PDFs of the booklets, for goodness sake! (And let you cross-shop recordings of the same piece by different performers so, so easily.)
I've tried using Spotify and similar services that try to track your preferences but they're just, I don't know, boring. I much prefer the challenge of a human-picked DJ set.
I usually listen to dublab (los Angeles, cologne, and Barcelona) and nts1 (usually London) and nts2 (location rotates). They have 1 or 2 hour DJ sessions (live or recorded) and your hear some music that you normally wouldn't be exposed to and sometimes you hate it but usually not.
I've tried using Spotify and similar services that try to track your preferences but they're just, I don't know, boring. I much prefer the challenge of a human-picked DJ set.
The significant problem that AI faces in automatically curating something is that the input data is usually pretty terrible. It's based on either similarity of the thing being curated which doesn't work because people don't want things to be too similar or to dissimilar, or it's randomness which doesn't work because it's too discordant, or it's based on patterns in the data (people who listened to X listened to Y, so recommend Y to people who listen to X) which works but only if the listener's taste aligns with the majority. If you introduce multiple sources of patterns in the data you quickly lose any variation and things stop being interesting.
This is a hard problem. No one has ever really solved it, despite Spotify, Netflix, YouTube, etc investing hundreds of millions into the space. Humans are probably just too fickle to accept that an algorithm can choose for us. It lacks the social proof that a tastemaker like a DJ brings.
> the input data is usually pretty terrible. It's based on either similarity
I found luck just using a LLM to chat about my tastes, what I like, what kinds of songs I want to discover ... it does a good job and is able to also give me background.
I think what you're describing is what people working with recommender systems call serendipity. Maximizing serendipity, while maintaining relatively high relevance/recommendation success rate, is supposedly a pretty difficult problem to solve. I'm not sure if LLMs have changed that.
Spotify should have twitch-style, human hosted, radio shows (intentionally no video) with live chat. with full access to the catalog, it would easily bring back communities built around good music.
That would be good experimnent and could actually work.
I would love to try it however they would have to solve "global song availability" and "Sponsored songs only Stations".
But if they did try there is the chance of some niche communities forming.
It wouldn't even need to be live to begin with. A narrated playlist with a DJ and basic control functionality such as fading into songs or a voice over.
Not trivial but doable and I wonder why they never tried that.
It has been tried. I don't remember its name, but I remember that they have changed names at least once. It's a pretty obvious "app" for Spotify's API which they opened up a few years ago.
you have to do your own search and play, but some of the stuff by unknowns and famous artists giving back is profound, they KNOW when they hit it, all live, mostly acoustic and all useing musicians, no tape, no sequencers.
listen to one such performance, and maybe you dont need anything else for a week.
These are great, thank you so much for sharing the recommendations. I tuned in to NTS and casually just kept on listening for a very long time. If anyone else has good recommendations, I'm all ears. Thank you.
Check out mixes by Blackest Ever Black label (now defunct) from NTS and Berlin Community Radio, listening to them literally feels like a journey. Funny part, sometimes they use a contrasting tune to end a mix, which creates a feeling similar to movie credits roll in the end.
For my classical music use case, listening to new releases, Spotify works very well, particularly with the help of 3rd-party services.
I follow several thousand composers and musicians. I then get daily playlist creation by crabhands.com of any new releases by those I follow. I then export the crabhand playlist into my own local database via exportify.net. I then create Spotify playlists of music I haven't heard that I may like as well as the released works I like best. Then I score the works I've listened to and feed that back into the system. So I get a deluge of new releases but play it in an organized fashion.
Yes it is. "Classical" without further context means any part of the tradition of Western art music with written score. Classical-era classical music is a subset of classical as a whole.
Or someone cueing up well-known pop/dance tunes at a wedding/disco. Last time I was at one they weren't generally firing up symphonies, string quartets then doing a deeper drop of a heavy hitting baroque banger to see the bodies hit the floor.
The Spotify AI DJ makes some pretty cool sets for me, but I listen to Hyperpop and Outrun type electronic music, stuff like that. A DJ spinning sets of classical music is pretty weird haha. I’d recommend just listening to the Classical New Releases playlist, which is excellent.
Sure, leans a bit classical and not the least bit "wanky" (at least IMHO)
> but the term was around long before it.
Wanky? DJ? Classical? Term Of His Natural Life? .. Regardless of the specific etymological chronology you're thinking of, I feel there are non-wanky examples in the broad tent of "classical".
I'm pretty sure it comes down to radio vs interactive music licensing. A general radio license doesn't allow users to pick the track they want to hear. They only get a shuffled playback and face other limitations like "can't play an album all the way through". Interactive licensing allows users to pick exactly what they want, including playing full albums, but it's much more expensive per track.
It appears that Spotify's engines use a mix of these licenses to reduce costs. Since AI isn't explicitly user-made selections, it's quite possible that the AI playlist generator is limited to a radio license model for playback, simply to save money (considering the additional cost of providing AI).
> I’m aware that many people are unfamiliar with this musical tradition, but it forms one of the sturdiest pillars of what we casually refer to as “western civilization.” Plus, it’s a whole lot of really enthralling music.
I really had to push to keep reading past this part.
But this piece doesn’t really say anything surprising anyway. Spotify isn’t for classical music. There are other services that are.
> Am I naïve in expecting Artificial Intelligence to be smart? Is my interpretation of the word “intelligence” too literal? And when an AI behaves stupidly, who’s to blame? The programmers or the AI entity itself? Is it even proper to make a distinction between the two? Or does the AI work in so mysterious a way that the programmers need no longer take responsibility?
IMO this is a programming/prompting failure - not a failure in the general capability of 'AI'.
We can prove that an AI can understand this with a basic prompt:
This is a minimal base prompt, with no fine-tuning, with the same user prompt, which shows that an AI will respond correctly by default. Presumably either the AI they are using is a weak model, or their prompt is encouraging the model against this (e.g. maybe the prompt says 'return one song based on the suggestion, and then songs from similar artists after')
> I’ve heard people claim that an AI can compose music. But how can that be when it can’t even grasp basic concepts in music?
Trying to infer the underlying capability of AI to generate music based on a badly-prompted Spotify DJ feature is always going to have it's limits. The proof of 'can AI compose music' will be in the eating of the pudding. AI models have already been able to compose classical music to some extent, and can grasp music theory, so after this point it's just going to be a matter of quality/taste.
Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user. All the prompts were crystal clear. Trying to shift any blame on user error is non-sensical stupidity or dumb manipulation in this case.
Also, might I recommend looking at the way the world is, not the way the world might be. This is one of the ugly AI tendrils this disgusting industry is putting into everything, bringing ruin to the world. This is the actual reality of it, making the world a dumber, less interesting more stupid place.
> Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user.
I'm shifting 'blame' to Spotify, rather than the user or the AI model - although blame is probably a pretty strong word anyway for what is probably just supposed to be a fun DJ feature.
> All the prompts were crystal clear.
We don't know what the prompt is, because the FULL prompt will be a combination of the base prompt plus the user prompt. It's trivial to show that a modern model with a minimal base prompt will return correctly (as per my original post), so IMO there is probably something in the base prompt which is encouraging the model to return differently.
I wanted to clarify the first two points, but i'll not respond to the rest of your comment as it's a bit overly-emotive (calling what I say disgusting, rambling about the downfall of society as a whole etc).
> it was a skill issue on the part of the Spotify engineers writing the internal system prompt for their slop DJ
Spotify are currently making a big deal about not writing any code - I attended a webinar this week where one of the slides proudly trumpeted this fact:
“
0 lines of code
Spotify's best engineers have not written a line of code since December.”
A full decade since spotify wrapped was released and we still have the grand unified … menu with a seemingly randomized list of actions that takes hundreds of milliseconds to load depending on network conditions. And buggy jams that desync constantly. And it’s way too easy to accidentally clear the entire queue. I could go on, wonder what the hundreds of PMs are doing?
Bunch of clowns coasting on their moat instead of building an actually good product.
> Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user
Users are often to blame in many varied cases and there should be no taboo around discussing this. I think maybe some people hear that you should never blame rape victims for rape and then go running wild trying to apply that as a general principle of never blaming anybody who is in any way a victim of anything, even when the "victimhood" is simply some piece of trivial software not working well. But we're not talking about rape so your intense rejection ("disgusting") is completely off the mark.
In this article we see proof that the words people use to describe a phenomenon influence how they think about that phenomenon: what they expect, what they assume, how they reason about it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity
Every time someone calls an LLM "AI", their brain faults a little more.
This is the profession of marketing's greatest success: inflicting so much damage on the rest of the world.
I do wonder how people can be satisfied with automatic music playlists. I was entertained by this for maybe a few hours when Pandora was new, but they all seemingly always devolve into either playing weird shit, playing the same 50 songs over and over again, or playing whatever new release shilled crap the record companies are paying to promote. Yet it seems like everybody else these days is a Spotify addict. I guess most people are fine with it.
Pandora is the only one that even remotely came close to something worthwhile, for me. It usually picked stuff that I wanted to hear; and that was a decade ago. Every other selection service regularly fed me garbage.
Pandora was worthless, though, because of their skip limit (even in the paid version). Even with its effectiveness, it would still feed me junk.
This guy is a classical music guy, though, and all the pickers suck, for that. Classical has been treated badly, forever. I am extremely disappointed that Apple segregated classical into its own app, because I have always enjoyed mixing it in with my regular music.
One thing about classical music, is that every performance is a “cover.” Who performs the piece is just as important as who wrote it. None of the selection services seem to understand that.
MP3 tags are pretty much worthless. They are incredibly limited, and I don’t know why they have never been improved.
What would you add to MP3 tags? ID3v2 already has separate fields for section/title/performer/conductor/composer/lyricist, it isn't the spec's fault Spotify doesn't use them.
How would we classify Zappa, or Secret Chiefs 3? Are they jazz, alternative (a worthless category), rock, pop, heavy metal, comedy? Depending on what you listen to, it could be any one of them. Also, each song could be in multiple categories. Boz Skaggs was known for disco-style pop, but he was an outstanding blues performer, and many of his songs reflect that mix.
This is really a music industry problem, and software just reflects that. The bug is really in the Requirements phase.
Well, it's less of a technology problem than it is an industry one. You can have multiple entries in the genre list and they're freeform, for example Ambient;Electronic, in both ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4. For Vorbis Comments, you have multiple GENRE= tags. Some players support this.
In my interactions with distributors, it seems streaming services tend to support up to two genre classifications; though they're pretty outdated and general (even more general and dated than the Winamp genre list). I don't think they use the metadata presented much in the classification; in fact Spotify does its own estimation of 'energy' and other subjective emotions using various classifier algorithms.
I've fallen back to keeping my classical collection on my Plex server. Many of the recordings are ones I've personally participated in the performance of, and others are just ones that I prefer. Elgar performed by London philharmonic with Daniel Barenboim is what I prefer, and when I hear a different recording, like the Berlin Symphony one that Spotify likes to trot out, it feels wrong. It drags where it's not supposed to and speeds at other times.
I listen to a lot of old music - 1950s, 1960s. I don't really have peers who listen to it so discoverability is a real issue. Pandora was amazing for me ~20 years ago, it introduced me to songs I never would have heard. Especially in the 50s you had a lot of "one hit wonders" so just listening to a band wasn't a great way to find other songs that I would like.
I don't really use Spotify so I can't compare but Pandora was awesome. I've found Youtube playlists to be the best replacement so far.
For me, it's been 'gone' since 2017, when they shut down in Australia. They used to be available everywhere, but locked off international audiences when laws became inconvenient.
(Obviously you could VPN in, but it's a meaningful hassle.)
Not really. I stopped using it at some point a very, very long time ago, and I don't recall why. I've moved to Youtube so it hasn't occurred to me to revisit.
It's very miss-or-miss; you need to be willing to thumb down 95% of what Pandora thinks you'll like. But with enough care, it's a good discovery channel.
Spotify's discover weekly was genuinely good when it first came. It was on another level from other recommendation services. Maybe 90% of the music I've bought on Bandcamp, I would never have known about if it wasn't for discover weekly (Bandcamp's own recommendation/discovery features are lousy).
But somehow, probably from a combination of rights owners gaming it and Spotify gaming it, DW is a pale shadow of its former self.
I've been working on and off on something [1] that tries to address this problem through somewhat manual curation. You choose what genres you're interested in, and get auto updated playlists created from your music library.
I have a few other experimental features in the pipeline that will expand the music selection, but they are not there yet.
My observations are that the average person is bothered by the slop of modern playlists full of AI music, but they don’t care enough to do anything about it.
Personally I dropped playlists long ago for YouTube dj sets which are a million times better than Spotify’s AI dj. Some of this is not a tech failing but the DJs have access to unreleased tracks, their own private edits, and are more willing to do more bold things. The AI DJ will never drop a surprise change that makes the crowd scream.
> Am I naïve in expecting Artificial Intelligence to be smart? Is my interpretation of the word “intelligence” too literal?
I wish more people would ask themselves those questions.
Sadly Charles himself didn't appear to conclude that yes, it's naïve to expect AI to be "smart" (whatever that means) and yes, he and many other people get hung up on the word "intelligence" in AI, a field that's been called that since the 1950s.
He doesn't really even dig into the quality of Spotify's AI DJ apart from pointing out, in a very roundabout way, that it was designed for popular music.
Classical is a harder (or at least different) problem and it's why specialist apps like Apple Music Classical exist.
Classical isn’t harder. It’s just so niche that leadership at spotify never bothered. It has a whole different taxonomy; it’s composer, not performer based etc.
Spotify isn’t against new taxonomies outside of weatern pop music. The India launch, where ragas were super important, shows it. But the Indian market is vastly larger than the small (albeit loud) number of classical music enthusiasts.
All that is to say, it’s a business decision, not a tech or AI problem.
(I really like classical music, too, btw., so please don’t read this as me not respecting that user base.)
> I don’t listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition (...)
And who apparently wants to stream music, it is wild he's not subscribed to Apple Music Classical which exactly circumvents all complaints in this article...
I think advertising it as a DJ is a stretch, last time I tried it, it was basically just Siri for music. DJing is much more than just playing random tracks.
I’ve been wondering if AI could be used to compose a set that rivals real DJs, but it seems like a difficult problem. First it needs to select tracks that fit well together, and stitch them together to ramp up and ramp down energy over time. Then it needs to layer the tracks, which requires an intuition for what sounds good and I’m not sure can be done algorithmically. It also needs to do engaging transitions which are appropriate for the moment - also difficult.
In this case, I see the author's point. The DJ isn't being advertised as "a narrow tool to select some random pop tunes". If an average person is told this is AI, has a full text interface and responds with "sure I'll do what you asked" and appears to understand, then they expect it to do what it is asked.
We're told its better than people at selecting songs (e.g. has the combined wisdom of all music and music experts), basic requests like "play the first movement of Beethoven's 7th" don't sound hard for an average person with limited / no musical expertise. If I said "please play the entire 7th symphony", and the tool responds with "sure, I'll play the whole thing", then proceeds to play the Beatles, I'd say that's a fair thing to point out as a shortcoming.
Its only obvious to tech people that understand that the technology has extreme limits and only works well on areas with abundant high quality data and labels, and can't be expected to reason like a person at all in many cases, that those limits seem as obvious as hammer / screw-driver. And that given how spotify developed these models, they probably didn't really intend classical or test that area -- so it fails despite sounding confident.
But maybe we should stop advertising screwdrivers as universal intelligence? There's a lot of mott and bailey going on. When AI makes mistakes its "just tools, stop expecting intelligence." However, when people question the AI hype its "humans make mistakes too, LLMs are truly reasoning and better most humans already." And "the entire labor economy will be replaced, human DJs will cease to exist.".
I worked for a man who hammered wood screws most of the way in and then finished with a screw driver because "the threads made by that last few turns were enough."
The real problem with Spotify's DJ is that, if you use it a lot, it gets into a feedback loop where it keeps playing the same songs that it serves you up because it thinks you like them. It's pretty bad at finding new music which is ironic because I find Spotify's Discover Weekly algorithm to be quite good (sometimes)
I do think the Spotify DJ has been dumbed down a lot since its launch (“a’ight, I got you. Here’s some songs for your washing up session.” [proceeds to play the same 10 songs it always does]).
But for classical music: Apple Music Classical is where it’s at, it understands the relationship between composer, work and recording.
Absolutely agree on the dumbing down. I'm guessing it's getting heavy use, for many it's probably the default thing to go to - so an easy target for cost optimization.
Mine will randomly go "Here's some driving tunes" while I'm sitting still, or introduce to me to "The Kings of Leon" when I have some of their songs liked and in my playlists. It's pretty clear there's not a lot of my data in the the input context, or it's not been improved over time.
I briefly tried it when they first launched it, but in less than an hour decided I hated it.
Which I really should have anticipated since I generally dislike music radio "DJ"s too and Spotify's AI DJ is trying to be like one.
In particular it would do things like start playing tracks with no bearing on anything I'd ever listened to, like local South African music which is very far from universally preferred here. I also got the feeling it was pushing "promoted" tracks with little regard to what I would likely like, just like real life radio stations.
I also don't care to have some voice interrupting the music all the time.
I was hoping it would kind of be like their other "radio"s, but it would be more explorative to finding more "similar" tracks to what I have listened to, without seeming to get stuck in a repeating play list.
I suppose it's a cool gimmick for people who are prefer the broadcast radio experience.
These services shouldn't make assumptions based on demographics, like location. Some broader examples, it shouldn't recommend US pop music to me because I live in the US or country music because I live in the south.
Spotify is filled with payola, and their claims about it are intentionally extremely misleading while not explicitly fraudulent.
It shows up in all Spotify-generated playlists, so I refuse to listen to them. I assume
their shitty AI recommendations are similarly filled with cancer.
But he already explains why it won't work at the beginning. If stuff is cataloged according to a pop paradigm, why would we expect to be able to reassemble it according to a classical one?
Presumably a pop DJ would also mess this up. It's like going to an Indian restaurant and asking what Dim Sum they recommend.
The only reason a human would be able to do this task is that they might be trained in how to find classical music, and they have spent some time learning what is what in that world.
But a Spotify AI is of course going to be trained on the prevailing classification system only.
The whole pitch of AI is that the model is going to be able to make exploit general knowledge outside of the local scope of the problem, just like a human would do. So I would also expect that it would be able to transfer his knowledge of classical music learned in language training, and apply that to the Spotify database.
The classical classification system is equivalent to the classification of cover versions in popular music. Of course, most audio software handles cover versions poorly too, but it's not like it's a completely unknown problem.
I asked this thing to play me some instrumental EDM tracks and it couldn't handle the task. I don't think classical music is even remotely viable. Spotify already really sucks at it. Pouring AI on top definitely won't help the main issue which is gaping holes in relevant content. It just doesn't exist on the platform in most cases.
> I don't listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition that encompasses [list of like 50 composers]... one of the sturdiest pillars of what we call "western civilization"
> The use of the word “song” for instrumental music — that is, music that is not sung and hence is not a song — is borderline illiterate.
This guy comes across as incredibly obnoxious. It's shit like this that gives classical music a bad rap as stuffy and unapproachable.
But yes, Spotify and the like are terrible for classical music. Apple Music has a separate app for this, which does a pretty good job and addresses most of these complaints.
I’m not sure this article is about the right thing. Rather over the last few years of cultivating a Bach obsession, I’ve discovered that streaming services in general are really bad at classical music. Without any hyperbole, Apple Music and Spotify combined don’t have nearly the selection that I have access to with an afternoon of digging through a used record store. When you get into records (especially European pressings) from the 1960s, you get into the heyday of liner notes when they were part education and part advertisement.
Some things just aren’t meant for shuffle and genres that haven’t been properly digitized are definitely one.
> I should mention that my perspective might be a little different from most people’s because I don’t listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition that encompasses (in roughly chronological order) composers such as Tallis, Byrd, Dowland, Gesualdo, Monteverdi, Lully, Blow, Corelli, Purcell, Vivaldi, Rameau, Handel, Bach, Scarlatti, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Rossini, Schubert, Berlioz, Mendelssohn (Fanny and Felix), Schumann (Robert and Clara), Chopin, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Puccini, Mahler, Debussy, Strauss, Beach, Schoenberg, Ives, Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, Price, Copland, Shostakovich, Carter, Boulez, Gubaidulina, Pärt, Reich, Glass, Eastman, León, Adams, Saariaho, J. L. Adams, Wolfe, Higdon, Adès, Thorvaldsdottir, Mazzoli, Shaw, Fisher, and many others.
There are apps specifically dedicated to classical music and there are many youtube channels for classical music, with sheet music[1], with visualizations[2], with videos of concerts.
Spotify and it's drop-in competitors were never good for classical music. This article is just another rant on this issue, by someone to whom classical music is so important, a pillar of western civilization, but not important enough to look for other ways to listen.
It's amazing: How AI can now generate accurate images from a textual description but storefronts and music platforms can't recommend suggestions actually matching what I like.
Instead they're just thin veils around paid-promotion.
I do miss What.CD and its catalogue of classical music where it was easy to find the different renditions of any given symphony. It was the best I've seen (not that I've searched very hard since then). Spotify leaves a lot to be desired in that respect.
That being said, Spotify is probably not the best product if you listen to classical. If classical were all I listened to, I would probably still have an offline collection in a Media Monkey library as my main source of listening.
> [list of 20 classical artists] I’m aware that many people are unfamiliar with this musical tradition, but it forms one of the sturdiest pillars of what we casually refer to as “western civilization.”
> Unfortunately, this tradition is not much respected
> The use of the word “song” for instrumental music — that is, music that is not sung and hence is not a song — is borderline illiterate.
This writeup is insufferably pretentious. It almost reads like a caricature of someone that listens to classical.
Prompted playlists is a beta feature designed to cater to most users. They are likely using a heavily quantized model, fine tuned on common use cases.
Is it really surprising that it doesn't cater to the fringes of Spotify's user base from the get-go?
Clearly the author believes that their taste in music is the superior one, and so Spotify not designing their product experience around their tastes is "appalling."
Then you get absurd rants like this:
> I’ve heard people claim that an AI can compose music. But how can that be when it can’t even grasp basic concepts in music?
Almost like these are two completely separate models, in two completely separate products.
The article treats this as AI being stupid, but it's a design category error. Spotify is applying rules ("don't repeat artists," "mix genres") to a system whose behavior space is unbounded. Rules are a blacklist — there's always a gap.
Real DJs don't follow playlists. They work within constraints — energy, tempo, crowd — and let the set emerge. Better boundaries, not more rules.
As the DJ is an interface to shuffle, and the author specifically wants to listen to unshuffled music the lack of intelligence may not be entirely in the AI.
Spotify has to be one of the worst run companies on the planet. Despite all the money wasted on a big engineering organization that believes it’s great, the product only ever gets worse. The interface is awful when you actually use it and find how painful the little things are. At this point I don’t think it’s worth staying with them above a giant like Apple Music.
As of a few months ago I get AI slop tracks in virtually all YTM automatic playlists, after a few normal tracks, so I abandoned the platform entirely.
Call me when Spotify and YT collaborate with Deezer on labelling AI music as such. Yes, it's a nuanced concept, but the soup YT was serving me was extremely obvious, which was easily confirmed by checking the throughput of the "artists".
Why would anyone use an AI DJ for classical music? The data model for modern music and classical music do have some major differences, which the author notes. which is why there are separate apps, sometimes connected to the same subscription, for classical and general music streaming
Who pays for a Spotify subscription, to listen to out of copyright compositions, and recordings that probably can be found easily in the public domain? Might as well complain that TikTok has no feature length documentary films in IMAX.
Author is right about Spotify: it was designed for pop music, and was also designed to de-emphasize albums in favor of individual tracks. The end goal is to remove the artist entirely, and just play AI pop music that they don't have to pay any royalties on.
While I sympathize with the issue and have experienced similar problems with classical music, I found the listing of composers and the holier-than-thou attitude (because “pop is bad”) grating and soured the rest of the post.
Ha, despite all that the author exposes themselves as a filthy casual anyway by focusing on the work itself, as if Spotify were looking up a score. Instead “of course” we are looking for a recording, principally keyed by, for example, conductor (orchestra), director of music (choral), and/or a soloist or key ensemble members. Searching by work is like typing in “Hallelujah” to find a version by someone other than Leonard Cohen.
Snobbery sniping aside, I empathize with their sentiment, and their work was worth reading. Spotify’s whole UI is far too complicated and I wish they would go the Facebook route of breaking out the separate products into separate apps. Jumbling podcasts, pop music, and covers — sorry, classical music — is a bit weird.
>the author exposes themselves as a filthy casual anyway by focusing on the work itself, as if Spotify were looking up a score
Isn't it the job of a DJ to pick a good recording? Petzold's test seems reasonable to me. As a classical listener, if I want a specific recording I'll just play that recording. The main function of the DJ is music discovery. Perhaps they know of good recordings I haven't already heard.
I haven't listened to radio for over a decade, but back when I did I listened to BBC Radio 3, where the DJ played classical. "DJ" does not necessarily mean somebody beatmixing dance music in a club. Spotify's "AI DJ" is obviously meant to simulate a radio DJ.
I am indeed a human. The variable quality of my contributions here ought to attest to that!
My grandfather was a typesetter and print designer. My other grandfather was part of Gill’s circle and his bookplate was inscribed by him. My first and only kickstarter in which I participated was Linotype: The Movie. I am currently reading Jury’s Type Designers of the Twentieth Century. I also have Peace’s catalogue of Gill’s inscriptions on my desk. Justin Knopp from Typoretum set my personal card from his digitized collection of rare founts. I’m interested in type and page design and I do like em dashes.
But I also just really like iOS’s automatic replacement of 2x hyphens with a dash.
What’s interesting is this feature (Spotify DJ) really excels when you give it qualitative input “workout music that pairs well with a sunrise” - and can deliver stronger results that hunting for a playlists
I'm not surprised. I used the AI DJ twice, on separate occasions, and it played me the same songs, in the same order... Suffice to say I have not used it since.
almost all Spotify playlists/radio features are extremely stupid. Radios all repeat the same 2-3 songs per artist, doesn't matter where you start. Classical pieces in radios are always 1-2 minutes long etc etc. It was like before AI though.
As a Spotify user, I often wonder how much they're constrained in their choices by their contracts with music publishers. As an example, the fact that you don't have an option to downvote a song - ie, signaling that you don't want to hear it - is such a feature gap that I can't believe it's there by choice.
I wouldn't be surprised if creating a truly great AI DJ was also hindered by this kind of legal shackles.
The appalling thing about Spotify DJ/Radio is that it starts playing songs that cost them less to play, and intentionally leaves out songs that cost more. Regardless of what input you give it, it will fall back to the same slop for each subgenre.
Does anyone have suggestions for good recommendation engines for new music discovery?
Since I’ve switched from Spotify to Apple Music, Apple’s recommendations are lousy and I miss discovering new artists and songs. Several of my cult favorites were Spotify suggestions I never would have found otherwise.
Are there any good recommendation engines, or people mostly just use Spotify for that?
I’d be sad if I had to switch back to Spotify but it is what it is.
Spotify DJ is terrible - just like their Apple TV app (which is perpetually buggy). However, their radio mix feature is so good that it's become the #1 reason I can't switch.
A lot of this discussion makes more sense if you know the history of The Echo Nest and their acquisition by Spotify.
The Echo Nest was one of the most interesting music-tech companies ever built: a music intelligence platform spun out of MIT that analyzed audio, metadata, web text, artist similarity, genre structure, and playlist construction. Spotify bought them in 2014 specifically to strengthen music discovery and recommendation. At the time, Spotify said the deal would let it use The Echo Nest's "in depth musical understanding and tools for curation", and even said the Echo Nest API would remain "free and open" for developers.
If you ever used the old Echo Nest APIs, Remix SDK, demos, Music Hack Day projects, or Paul Lamere's experiments, that was a golden era. Echo Nest had open APIs for artist similarity, track analysis, playlisting, "taste profiles", ID mapping across services, and beat/segment-level music analysis. Paul Lamere's whole ecosystem of demos came out of that world: Boil the Frog, Sort Your Music, Organize Your Music, playlistminer, and later Smarter Playlists. His GitHub still points to a lot of that lineage, and his blog is still active. In fact, he posted just this month about rebuilding Smarter Playlists after ten years of use.
The sad part is that the open developer platform mostly did not survive the acquisition. By 2016, developers were being told that the Echo Nest API would stop issuing new keys and then stop serving requests, with migration to Spotify’s API instead. Community discussions at the time also noted that some Echo Nest capabilities, especially things like Rosetta-style cross-service mapping, were not really carried over.
That's also why Spotify's current AI DJ is so frustrating. The problem is that "AI DJ" is not the same thing as a system that deeply understands musical structure, discography semantics, performance history, or classical work/movement hierarchy. It's a recommendation + narration layer, not a true MIR-native musical intelligence system.
If you're interested in the research side of this field, the conference is ISMIR: the International Society for Music Information Retrieval, which is literally dedicated to computational tools for processing, searching, organizing, and accessing music-related data. That community is still very active. The ISMIR site describes MIR exactly in those terms, and the 2010 Utrecht conference included Paul Lamere's tutorial, "Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial."
>gffrd on June 26, 2023 | parent | context | favorite | on: Show HN: Mofi – Content-aware fill for audio to ch...
>Yes! It was "Infinite Jukebox," created by Paul Lamere ... it was awesome because it would analyse a track, then visualize its "components" and you could watch as the new "infinite" track looped back on itself and jumped from point-to-point in the original track to create an everlasting one.
He created some excellent products from the Rdio API, and later Spotify ... and I believe his analysis engine ended up being the foundation upon which Spotify's _play more tracks like these_ capability is based.
>Looks like he's moved over to publish on Substack -- there's a recent(ish) post reflecting on 10 years of Infinite Jukebox:
>However, that wasn't the end of the Infinite Jukebox. An enterprising developer: Izzy Dahanela made her own hack on top of mine. To make it work without using uploaded content, she matches up the Echo Nest / Spotify music analysis with the corresponding song on YouTube. She hosts this at eternalbox.dev. It runs just as well as it ever did, 10 years later.
>DonHopkins on June 28, 2023 | parent | context | favorite | on: Show HN: Mofi – Content-aware fill for audio to ch...
>I was working on some music retrieval stuff in 2010, so I joined the EchoNest developer program and played around with their web apis that let you upload music and download an analysis that you could use in all kinds of cool ways. They had an SDK with some great demos and example code. I discussed it with Eric Swenson and Paul Lamere, and had the chance to hang out with Paul Lamere and Ben Fields at ISMIR 2010 (the International Society for Music Information Retrieval conference) in Utrecht, where they gave a tutorial about playlisting:
>Tutorial 4: Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial. The simple playlist, in its many forms -- from the radio show, to the album, to the mixtape has long been a part of how people discover, listen to and share music. As the world of online music grows, the playlist is once again becoming a central tool to help listeners successfully experience music. Further, the playlist is increasingly a vehicle for recommendation and discovery of new or unknown music. More and more, commercial music services such as Pandora, Last.fm, iTunes and Spotify rely on the playlist to improve the listening experience. In this tutorial we look at the state of the art in playlisting. We present a brief history of the playlist, provide an overview of the different types of playlists and take an in-depth look at the state-of-the-art in automatic playlist generation including commercial and academic systems. We explore methods of evaluating playlists and ways that MIR techniques can be used to improve playlists. Our tutorial concludes with a discussion of what the future may hold for playlists and playlist generation/construction.
>[...]
Some of the most interesting Echo Nest descendants are still around in one form or another. Paul Lamere's current/public projects include Smarter Playlists, and his GitHub still highlights SortYourMusic, OrganizeYourMusic, playlistminer, and BoilTheFrog. Glenn McDonald’s Every Noise at Once is another major descendant of that tradition: an enormous map of music genre space. Glenn's own site still describes it as an "inexorably expanding universe of music-processing experiments", and the public genre pages now explicitly say they're a long-running snapshot based on Spotify data through 2023-11-19. After Spotify's layoffs in 2023, TechCrunch reported that Glenn lost access to the internal data needed to keep Every Noise fully updated, which is why it now feels more archival than alive.
Back in 1998 when I was working on The Sims 1, I proposed in my review of the design document something I called "Moody Music": essentially a soundtrack plus a synchronized semantic/emotional control track that could affect gameplay over time. The idea was that music wouldn't just decorate the simulation; it would change it: influencing mood, motives, relationships, skills, timing, and even triggering events at specific musical moments. I wrote that up in my review of the 1998-08-07 Sims design document, along with the broader idea of letting the game recognize a player's own CDs and fetch associated "moody tracks" from the network.
Don’s review of
The Sims Design Document,
Draft 3 – 8/7/98:
>I have some ideas about how the music could effect the game, that
I will write up more completely later. In a nutshell, the people in
the house could have a cd or record collection to choose from, each
record an object that has the sound (audio wave and/or midi) and a
“moody” track synchronized with the music. Playing the music
also plays the moods into the environment that the people pick up
on. Music can subtly effect how people react to the environment,
objects, and each other. It can effect their motives and even their
skills temporarily. For example, you might be able to clean the
house better and faster if you put on some up tempo bouncy music.
The player should be able to assume the role of disc jockey on the
radio, and play from another larger library of music and
commercials, that effect the peoples moods and buying habits. The
TV of course is another source of mood altering temporal media,
with commercials and shows that should effect different people
differently. But the most important part of this idea is instead of
the game effecting the music that’s played, the music effects how
the game plays! The ultimate way for the user to effect the game
via music, is to insert one of their own CD’s into their real
computer’s CDROM drive, and the game would recognize it, and
start playing it (maybe with a simple cd player interface to select
the song). There could be a database associating the unique ID
number of the CD with a table of contents and “moody” tracks that
tell how the song effects the peoples emotions over time, with
"percussion" events at dramatic moments of the music that can
trigger arbitrary events in the game (like provoking a fight that was
brewing, or triggering an orgasm at just the right place in the
song). We hire monkeys to listen to well known CD’s, and enter
time synchronized tracks with semantic meanings in Max (like
note tracks, and user defined numeric tracks) or some other
timeline editing tool). Put the database up on the web for instant
retrieval, so when somebody sticks in a new CD, it downloads our
“moody” tracks that go with it, and it starts playing and effecting
their game! Streaming emotions over the net! Eventually there
should be an end-user tool so people can record their own
responses to music as moody tracks they can use in our games.
This mechanism could be used in all kinds of games, to varying
degrees of effect. I’m not saying that music should be the only way
to control the game – it’s more like a subtle background effect, but
there certainly could be a scenario where you try to accomplish
some task (like taming a wild beast) by using only your musical
taste and timing. The real bottom line benefit is that you get to
listen to your OWN cd collection of music you want to hear,
instead of being driven crazy by the repetitive music bundled with
the game.
In hindsight it was quite adjacent to MIR, affective computing, adaptive soundtrack systems, and some of the ambitions that Echo Nest represented. That's why I was so excited about The Echo Nest in 2010 when I was working with Will Wright at the Stupid Fun Club on a music spatial organization and navigation system called MediaGraph.
MediaGraph Music Navigation with Pie Menus Prototype developed for Will Wright's Stupid Fun Club
>This is a demo of a user interface research prototype that I developed for Will Wright at the Stupid Fun Club. It includes pie menus, an editable map of music interconnected with roads, and cellular automata.
>It uses one kind of nested hierarchical pie menu to build and edit another kind of geographic networked pie menu.
What a strange article, from somebody who should understand the underlying technology (click on the “books” tab - the author is a technologist).
This is not about AI, the author is mostly just pointing out that Spotify was not designed for classical music.
This is a product issue. Spotify DJ is essentially “shuffle with some voice interludes”. There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
Besides, AI is not one thing. It’s weird to generalise “This beta spotify feature doesn’t serve me, hence AI is useless”. For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
Honestly the whole post and tone are just baffling. It’s mixing up all sorts of opinions and trying to put them under one umbrella, and about 50% of the text is just name dropping specific classical pieces.
I happen to agree that the Spotify DJ feature is terrible, but I think this is a very ineffective way of presenting the argument.
> click on the “books” tab - the author is a technologist
That's rather underselling him. Charles Petzold wrote the canonical reference works for programming Win32 and MFC.
It's like calling Donald Knuth a lecturer.
His book ‘Code’ is his masterpiece, IMO.
It’s a tour de force in technical communication. A fascinating book for both the Computer Science novice and expert.
His 'Annotated Turing' (a reproduction of On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, with explanation and walk-through) got me into CS vs. prior interest mainly in EE.
“Code” is one of the best books I’ve ever read. I don’t usually read 500 page books but this one flew. Even if you know most of what’s being discussed it’s such a delightful ride.
For the curious:
> Microsoft provides two frameworks for developing Windows applications: MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and Win32. MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) is a Microsoft framework for developing Windows applications in the C++ programming language. Win32 is a collection of functions and data structures provided by Microsoft for the development of Windows applications. [0]
[0] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/article/difference-between-mf...
That's old info. Now there is also .NET Framework, .NET (Core), C++/WinRT and more. In the end all of them use either pure Win32 APIs or COM APIs including MFC.
Apologies, I wasn’t familiar with his work.
I was surprised to see a post by Petzold on this subject. I know who he is. But I don’t think you owe an apology here. I think you made a thoughtful comment. A post like his should be critiqued for what it says, not for the author’s previous work. And, fortunately, other people could give context on the significant work he has done.
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Not sure what you're trying to say. I'm not arguing from authority. I'm just a guy giving my opinion. That's what comment sections are for.
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I'm familiar with the subject matter. I'm not familiar with the author.
I love classical music. I've been singing in a choir since I was 7, playing the piano since the same age, and compose music myself (https://youtu.be/7Tex-OUk6ZM). I’m actually on my way to church right now to sing some Howells.
I use Spotify every day
I use AI every day
I have enough familiarity with the subject to have an opinion and express it. I'm sorry that I haven't read the author's book.
You're not wrong. If comment sections were restricted to people who knew the subject matter AND the author, it would be empty indeed.
Snobbish and elitist defined.
I love classical music, and I am convinced that 90% of the reason people think they don't is because of people like the Charles Petzold. Deriving your self worth from being an enjoyer of art that someone else created is the high pretention.
I've learned, sometimes through hard periods of self reflection, that attempting qualitative evaluation of others choice in music is a fools errand.
To put it bluntly, and quote Duke Ellington, by way of Peter Schickele, if if it sounds good, it is good
The MF what?
Classes. MF classes.
That stuff will never wash out of my mind.
Pascal, C, or C++, it depends what mood they were in.
> For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
Given the author's background I believe it's intentional ragebait. It's as ridiculous as saying LLM can't count the number of Rs so it cannot generate grammatically correct sentences. No way he really thinks the logic is sound.
Spotify's DJ also isn't an LLM. It's just a shuffle with structured interludes and a TTS engine. IIRC it launched in early 2023 and has been the same since.
That explains why it is always/only wanting to play stuff that I listened to recently, or in 2023.
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> Given the author's background
> This is a product issue.
The product organization at Spotify is a master class in dysfunctional product organizations. Compare the feature parity of the desktop and mobile applications and you'll find random features available in one but not the other. Try to do basically anything in CarPlay other than select a different recently-played playlist and you'll be able to do it 10x faster by picking up your phone and doing it there.
> For example, when the author says “if it can’t do this, how could it compose music?”, that’s a category error.
That isn't really a category error. It's more begging the question. It makes the assumption that the ability to DJ music is the same ability as being able to compose music, and uses that assumption to suggest the conclusion that a failure to DJ classical movement would necessarily result in the failure to compose same. A category error would be assigning a property to AI that it cannot have. It would look more like, "if AI can't DJ music, we have no way to know what color it is."
Also, a DJ isn’t typically tasked with playing an entire symphony (or pop album, for that matter) on request from start to finish. I’m sure there are a handful of DJs in niche situations who do this at listening bars and on the radio, but it seems pretty rare.
Honestly a human DJ might well do what the Spotify DJ does — play a popular piece that matches the outlandish request and then transition to other music.
To torture the metaphor further - it's also a personal dj, with an audience and customer of 1. Somewhat by definition there can be no outlandish requests, certainly not "play this entire piece".
If I told the DJ at my wedding to play an album front to back, and they transitioned to Aerosmith, I'd be tapping a friend to run the music the rest of the night.
I’m fairly certain Spotify’s core meta data adheres to the US music industry largely set / reinforby Nielsen. I’m curious why the author would want to happen with the feature if not move from 1 artist to another
For chart reporting? Am unfamiliar with the Nielsen standard, but given the state of musical metadata more broadly it's probably not very sophisticated.
Would expect any provider like Spotify to just export the reports Nielsen requires, not design their core systems around it.
> It makes the assumption that the ability to DJ music is the same ability as being able to compose music
And yet an awful lot of musicians are also DJs. It's almost like spending a lot of time playing music and watching how people react to it give you a good sense of how the underlying processes of creating it can work.
GP was obviously talking about AI's abilities, not people's.
I think quite the opposite for precisely the reason you're saying?
Which is to say, he's doing a very good job of reminding you/us nerds that "there should be no excuse for this, technical or otherwise." The technology exists to make this work very well and has for sometime; I GET why it's not working now, but that doesn't make it any less garbage.
Every modern streaming platform seems to be focused on the relationship between contemporary singles - who featured on what, what's trending, if you like this current pop artist you'll like this other one. Setting aside OP's interest in classical music this approach doesn't even work for popular music from the 60s to 90s when the primary format was the album. God help you if you try to use voice commands to play Help! (the album by the Beatles) and instead get Help! (the title track by the Beatles).
Who would even DJ on classical music?
If you have the slightest knowledge of classical music you would know it should not be mixed like in a dj set, and you would not optimize your dj algorithm for it.
Why would you even have a classical music station? What is public radio even doing?
What the AI doing now is in fact what classical radio DJs do; the author wants a general purpose smart music playing robot, not a “DJ” per se.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRR_(FM)
I believe the person you are responding to was being facetious.
I think you could pick out a movement from this and then a movement from that. I can see somebody wanting to have classical music playing all day without having to pick out specific tracks, like listening to the radio.
I think the auto DJ feature is already well capable of that: having tracks playing the all day.
But if you want to preserve the original composition of classical music, you have to play the track start to finish, preferably with a small pause between tracks as well.
I have to admit that my rock and pop music listening is still album-oriented whether it is The Kinks or The Super Furry Animals or Charlie XCX.
I think it is totally reasonable to want something that plays all movements from one work, then finds similar works to play after that.
Sure, that might not be what a DJ algorithm is optimized for, but a more generalized AI like an llm should be able to figure that out.
You are very right, using a generalized LLM in combination with good music search and metadata tools works very well for this sort of thing. I know because I built a platform that does this. The big limiter isn't the tech, it's what the rights-holders will allow. They maintain tight control over their catalogs because renting that intellectual property is their entire business model. This makes them very cautious about letting any actually useful AI near their music and metadata.
> you would know it should not be mixed like in a dj set, and you would not optimize your dj algorithm for it.
Yet the computer program happily tried to do it anyway. It would be much better to fail with a clear error message than to try to proceed and emit garbage.
Yeah, if he wants to listen to your complete albums, it’s unclear to me why he would be using a DJ feature or expected the DJ to do that. Just play the albums manually or set up playlist. It’s like having a six CD changer and putting it on shuffle and then complaining that it shuffles.
And then we have artists such as Gas who famously mixed classical with dub techno.
Interesting, i never heard of anything similar before, but i'm quite sure the classical music fans would also hate on him for ruining the original compositions.
I love electronic renditions of classical music. Trance does this often (Tiesto, Armin van Buuren, William Orbit, Ferry Corsten and others) and it's some of the best work they put out. To me, it's like a natural progression from classical minimalism, such as Phillip Glass or Max Richter.
I've played the violin since I was a kid (only for fun now). I can find something I love about almost any musical genre and I'm sure I'm not the only one.
BT is a trance dj that's classically trained: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_(musician) and Armin van Buuren has classically trained parents
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6yFanGv_ReU
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S1YwlPH_o50
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j2fNloJAge0 (same chord progression as la folia https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7v8zxoEoA_Q)
La folia itself has been "remixed" many times by both classical and modern composers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia
He is a very influential artist in the techno subculture. I don't think anybody hating him for making those masterpieces...
The blend of classical and techno must come from the techno side. I remember many years ago listening to CBC Radio as they breathlessly talked about some avant garde classical piece that purported to blend classical and techno. It was a mid tier modern classical composition with occasional cheap synth sound effects. And this was ten years after Portishead released their entire first album, recorded with an orchestra, or all the work that Massive attack was doing.
William Orbit did an album of electronic arrangements of classical music 25 years ago. Not that it prevents anyone else from doing it. But it's not a completely novel idea.
Yes, at least 50. Folks applied electronic instruments to classical music shortly after they moved out of the experimental phase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched-On_Bach
And there was this fun disco version as well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fifth_of_Beethoven
Remixing art has been done since the invention of art. It doesn't ruin anything if the original work is preserved.
No one is required to like it. But the word 'hate' is a bit extreme, even in your example. Also, the group comprising "the classical music fans" is certain to include many who disagree with you.
It is not uncommon to have parts of a classical music movement in a DJ set, even if it lasts only a few seconds.
Until 2009, WGBH FM… then they shuffled it. Which went about as well as this tool.
Deodado?
When "me" is most classical music and this is a music platform I think the critique is not unwarranted. They could adapt it with special system prompts for classical.
Probably 50% of my listening is classical. If I want to listen to classical I just listen to albums. I’ve never had a problem with this. The concept of a DJ for classical music is just kind of weird.
Spotify is still bad for classical music because you can’t ex. search by composer or label of find alternative recordings of the same piece etc. If you know what album you want already its ok, but if you like classical you should really consider IDAGIO.
And if you want one subscription for popular & classical music, Apple Music is miles ahead of Spotify.
Music.app is already better than Spotify at handling the relevant metadata. But the dedicated Apple Music Classical app is roughly the same as IDAGIO.
(They bought IDAGIO's former competitor Primephonic to do it)
Isn’t fundamentally the issue that for any symphony by Beethoven or whoever that there are thousands of recordings of performances? So if I decide I want to listen to a certain one then I also need to pick a particular performance that a particular orchestra did a certain time?
Apple Music has a totally separate app for classical music. It was specifically designed to address exactly this.
For each composer, it shows all their well known works, and then you can tap on each to see all the recordings of that particular piece.
Smart move on Apple’s part, if you ask me.
As mentioned above, they bought Primephonic, which already had all those features. For myself, I used Primephonic until Apple bought it, then switched to Idagio, in order to minimize my connection with the Apple machine.
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I love that app. They have Dolby atmos mixes which seem like overkill but I was completely floored putting on a double bass work and being completely immersed in the center of the sound. Obviously great for large ensembles but surprisingly awesome at solo works
And the play history integrates with the main Music app
I always wondered why there were separate apps, and this makes total sense.
building recommendation systems for classical music has a simple data problem- most recommendation systems (for spotify and others) are based on simple user listening histories that look at "people that listened to X also listened to Y".
this is a problem for classical (and jazz) for two reasons a) these genres are not particularly popular on the platform so there are few unique users and b) the songs are LONG so listening sessions contain fewer songs.
track cooccurance based recs work well for popular genres, but these other genres need a different approach to recs and that's actually where AI could do really well by digging into the unstructured data associated with the tracks (sonic analysis of the song, biographical information about the composer, details about featured soloists, etc) rather than relying on piles of user behavior.
There’s plenty of rest stations that specialise in classical music. So it’s not that weird of an idea to have a “DJ” for classical.
It’s just a different kind of DJ. Like how HipHop DJ is different from a trance DJ. And a wedding DJ is different too.
By “rest stations” I meant “radio stations”.
I missed that autocorrection early. Sorry
You never listen to NPR?
I’m British so I guess the equivalent would be Radio 4. But no, not really tbh. I just find what I want and listen to it. I know some people really like Radio 4 though.
I'm not in the US, but have listened to various of their tiny desk concerts that they put up on YouTube.
Spotify is definitely not trying very hard, the author is justified in complaining. I had a very similar experience. They are in a perfect position to be able to make something amazing, but they (and other streaming companies) are somewhat limited in what they can do because of their music licensing relationships. I was able to build something 100x better than their DJ using an off-the-shelf LLM and some well-crafted search/metadata tools. It has no problem doing what Petzold wanted. It's a much better way to interact with music than what the general public has access to now, and I would love to commercialize it, but the rights-holders (UMG, WMG, Sony, etc) are very protective of what they own. If you want to know more reply here or reach out to me at info@tunistry.com.
There is a long history of using AI to analyze, compose, and perform music.
Atari Cambridge Research- part 5: David Levitt shows Music Box on his Lisp Machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocwsVkqEKys
Atari Cambridge Research- part 6: Music box with Tom Trobaugh and drum machine with Jim Davis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhA0FGsin_s
Cynthia Solomon has shared a treasure trove of rare classic videos of Seymour Papert, Marvin and Margaret Minsky, kids programming Logo and playing with turtles, and many other amazing things at the MIT AI Lab, MIT Media Lab, and Atari Cambridge Research:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28604629
Mr Petzold's book, Code, is marvel and you should read it btw
Perhaps not so strange in that from a practical standpoint many "AI problems" are actually "Data Problems" when you start peeling things back.
> There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
Google’s Nest speakers have or had similar issues: they’d start any requested piece of (at least multi-movement) classical music somewhere in the middle and simply defy any instructions to start at the beginning, bizarre behaviour for a smart speaker.
Seems pretty harsh for somethign it may not have been designed to be good at.
Maybe Spotify works more off lyrics, and classical music usually doesn't have lyrics.
I'd love to have AI that could hear music.
I'd like to have Spotify without videos and podcasts. Simple, but forbidden to do it.
The problem with this article is there are more than one way to be a DJ
>This is a product issue. Spotify DJ is essentially “shuffle with some voice interludes”. There’s probably some non-AI code in there to explicitly prevent it from playing an album end to end.
And I would argue that is one of the stupidest ways.
https://medium.com/luminasticity/the-complete-playlist-e8eb3...
The Complete Playlist argues for shuffling and serendipity for achieving accidental surprise and delight and clever juxtapositions, something that if you had an actually competent DJ could be guided and not left to chance.
A competent DJ makes musical arguments in relation to an aural environment in the same way a competent Philosopher may make intellectual arguments in relation to an environment of ideas.
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The Spotify DJ feature is terrible, I agree. That doesn’t mean I find the linked article compelling.
What a baffling take.
There is no confusion as to which “AI” the OP is referring to.
The author wrote:
> Or does the AI work in so mysterious a way that the programmers need no longer take responsibility?
They are pondering, in general, if the non deterministic nature of AI is an excuse for bad products.
The Spotify DJ is a recommendation engine.
Its bad.
Its a lazy, bad implementation that relies on AI, instead of deterministic algorithms; eg. identify requested music and play it.
Instead it wants to “try something different”.
If you press play on the music player on your phone, do you expect it to “try something different?”
…or, is AI making developers and product managers lazy?
It is not a complicated take, and the example is, to me, pretty compelling.
I guess I’m just separating out the fact that I agree with the OP from my criticism of the way the argument was presented.
There’s a reason there’s no deterministic recommendation engines. How would that even work?
Doing something previously impossible isn’t “lazy”.
Don't try to deflect with pedantry.
The system is clearly resolving the users query.
Mixing that with the deterministic “play the songs requested instead of random crap” or even “play related classical music instead of random crap” is clearly not an impossibility.
It actually almost did the right thing. …but no, rather than handling the difficult edges cases like this, just do whatever for edges cases.
It is lazy.
Handling complex difficult edge cases is what differentiates good products from lazy ones.
You don’t use a DJ feature(/any recommendation feature) to play specific songs, you use the search bar. Again, a recommendation system that gave you just exactly what you asked for wouldn’t be a recommendation system!
Re:”play related music”, yeah clearly Spotify isn’t built for classical music. Maybe it should be — I certainly would vote for it to be a priority for a state-operated alternative! But calling a specific feature lazy because of a high-level corporate priority concerning content isn’t valid, IMHO.
> The Spotify DJ is a recommendation engine.
Is it?
Having recently tried Spotify's presumably related "prompt based playlists" feature, I've been wondering:
Is the "AI DJ" maybe not a recommendation engine, but rather an LLM prompted to be a recommendation engine?
>If you press play on the music player on your phone, do you expect it to “try something different?”
I expect it to make a playlist containing the opposite of my taste, like I asked! :)
(YMMV on how good it is at this)
Whoa. Poor form. You give no evidence of either claim in your last sentence.
It has Geminis verve the "baffling" was the hint.
I am human, sorry
Baffling is a common word in Britain and the first term that sprung to mind when reading the article
The article isn’t about the DJ feature at all, despite claiming to be. It is very clearly and openly about Spotify not catering to classical music in general. It starts by calling all people who listen to anything other than classical music “illiterate”!
>It starts by calling all people who listen to anything other than classical music “illiterate”!
It does not. The only reference to literacy is the following:
"The use of the word “song” for instrumental music — that is, music that is not sung and hence is not a song — is borderline illiterate."
That is entirely reasonable and correct.
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Chill out, you don’t know anything about me
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I have an intrinsinc interest and have been tinkering, fiddling, hacking and learning for 30 years. I've done it for money before, I've I've always done it for fun every spare moment I have.
I've never heard of your man here. Does that make me a lesser from your perspective?
I'm sick of this arrogent gatekeeping. Why does someone have to memorise names, dates and achievements to qualify as someone who loves what they do?
No, it does not make you any lesser. But if I were attacking "my man" (not my man), I´d do a bit of basic research. And I´d learn how to properly write "arrogant".
Totally agree. And also, this limitation of Spotify probably affects 0.00000001% of their users. In other words, it just doesn't matter (except to those 3 people)
I haven't tried AI DJ, so I can't comment on that, but I find it hard to empathize with the author. Not because the criticism lacks merits, but because there is no real attempt to explore the pro/cons of the tech. I see this pattern often with people who complain about AI. They pick a narrow case where it isn't good at and use it to dismiss the whole thing. AI isn't a human, it's going to have its limits.
Same thing I saw in AI-assisted coding. People complaining how AI- enabled some XYZ security risk, it's bad, it's crap. This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence? That should be good for at least a few things. Right?
Basically it's because what "AI" can do is extremely different from what "AI evangelists" claim it can do.
I haven't seen a single "AI evangelist" address any concerns and limitations, other by than "throw more AI at it" or "it will get better in 5 years, just in time for cold fusion".
> you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence
Like they created a full blown C compiler that "could compile linux" but in reality didn't pass its own tests?
If you constantly cry wolf, no one's going to believe you when the wolf actually comes.
> I haven't seen a single "AI evangelist" address any concerns and limitations
You see what you choose to focus on. I come across many people who are excited about the possibilities of AI-assisted coding, who are frustrated by its limitations, who share strategies for overcoming or avoiding those limitations, and s on. For a concrete and famous example, I would put Andrej Karpathy in this category. Where are you looking that you're not finding any of these people? linkedin?
In my experience the people who are excited about ai assisted coding are people who aren't good at coding in the first place and don't care about quality, consistency, or understanding what they are having it write, and people who have a vested interest in ai coding tools being used (leadership who want to say "my team uses ai" and "ai experts" who have a personal brand dependent on ai being successful)
AI assisted coding is really good as an enhanced auto-complete, often better as it picks up patterns in the code and will complete whole lines or chunks of code. There, I'll assess the results like any other auto-completed suggestions.
For other things like when asking questions I won't just blindly copy what the LLM is suggesting. I'll often rewrite it in a style that best fits the style of the codebase I'm working on, or to better fit it into what I'm trying to achieve. Also, if I've asked it for how to do a specific one-line query and it has rewritten a whole chunk of code, I'll only make use of that one line, or specific fix/change. -- This also helps me to understand the response from the LLM.
I'll then do testing to make sure that the code is working correctly, with unit tests where relevant.
The user you're replying to has made many similar posts like this. I previously tried engaging in good faith. I try not to fall into the XKCD 386 trap now, my time is better spent with Claude Code. Hope I can help save you some time too!
Yes, I try to avoid the evangelism topics but they're much worse than blockchain and are taking up most of HN now.
Can't help but click sometimes, always see the same arguments, so why not post the same thing as well?
By the way, I never check user names, I just reply to the post content.
> Basically it's because what "AI" can do is extremely different from what "AI evangelists" claim it can do.
You always have people at both sides of the aisle though - people who say it can do much more than it can, and people who say it can do much less.
It's the same with all technologies - robotics, crypto, drug discovery, the internet, digital cameras, quantum computing, 3D Television, self-driving cars - it was probably the same with the steam engine. All of these will have had people who said that the technology would be useless and die (e.g. Napoleon and the steam engine), and others that would have said it was totally transformative.
Pointing to people who hold extreme opinions 'for' a particular technology that are overly-bullish, and then dismissing the technology based on that, isn't a particularly good strategy in my opinion.
> Like they created a full blown C compiler that "could compile linux" but in reality didn't pass its own tests?
Who's "they"?
> If you constantly cry wolf, no one's going to believe you when the wolf actually comes.
Who's "you"?
You seem to believe all AI advocates are of the same hivemind and they somehow think and behave collectively. Have you considered that they might be different people with individual opinions and motivations?
It's easy to address the limitations of AI by simply not using AI for those. No one forces you to use AI for tasks where its capabilities are limited; regardless, there are plenty of tasks where they aren't.
AI is very good at some things and very bad at others. Early on, many thought chess would be one of the last things mastered by computers, but they were wrong. It makes no sense to take the statement "AI is extremely bad at this task compared to humans" and conclude that AI must be useless or a waste of time.
In this case, the AI DJ is bad at picking out classical music. Okay, sure, whatever. But that doesn't automatically mean the AI DJ is bad at everything.
You are strawmanning hard here. Who is "they"? You are putting all "AI evangelists" into the same blob here, and instead of answering the questions at-hand you ignore them and respond in an ad-hominem style by attacking a project that someone else made, completely unrelated to this entire thread. That is not good faith discourse!> Who is "they"?
Anthropic IIRC?
Here's the post: https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/building-c-compiler. It was written by a researcher at Anthropic.
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So you want to bring every conversation on the topic down to the level of the most idiotic fanboys making the most outlandish claims that are easiest to shoot down? If this was JUST directly in response to these “AI evangelists”, a group which I’ll ignore that you’re unfairly treating as a monolith, that’d be fine.
However, every post here that says the slightest thing positive about AI’s abilities is always met with “yeah well it can’t do my dishes for me so it’s total garbage!” BS.
You yourself are bringing up “making a compiler” out of nowhere. Nobody but you brought that up here. Yet you’re using it as the be-all end-all yard stick, simultaneously completely ignoring and completely proving the argument that you’re replying to.
It’s amazing how big a % of the developer community has started acting like intentionally unintelligent petulant children the moment they’re faced with an iota of the sort of job security risk they’ve been inflicting on others for decades. Some of you need to grow up.
This appears to be a troll account, that only ever engages in heated discussions. Please, do not engage with it, folks :) On a related note, has anyone noticed actual bots commenting on HN? I sometimes feel discussions are a bit weird here.
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> This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence?
I would guess it's for the same reasons that you're ignoring all the fixes necessary to get to an actual "full blown native Mac app". It's rarely a single sentence unless your app does something trivial like printing Hello World.
>That should be good for at least a few things. Right?
The example you described, no.
It is not good because its quality and adherence to the spec (the single sentence) is and will always be probabilistic...
> its quality and adherence to the spec (the single sentence) is and will always be probabilistic...
Isn’t the same true for a lot of individual programmers and even teams?
Especially so if they were provided just a short one-sentence vision instead of proper documentation.
Oh, I was not comparing it with out-sourced development and was instead comparing it with developing it oneself.
Sure, outsourcing is similar, but the difference is one uses a process that is inherently probabilistic and will show up in every result, while other just depends on the probability of you getting a good team.
I suspect the unspoken premise was that it was all in context of people who - just like those who hire contractors - don’t have the capacity to do it themselves.
In this context I suspect a SotA LLM could sometimes beat some cost-comparable UpWork professionals in both quality and spec adherence. In other words, if you need an app and can’t do it yourself and have a tight budget, LLMs are quickly becoming a viable option for more and more complex apps (still only simple ones before it produces junk, but progress is pretty appalling)
>beat some cost-comparable UpWork professionals in both quality and spec adherence...
I am not sure I want to keep paying for something that needs some amount of luck on my side, to be useful. Writing elaborate plans for LLMs also feels a bit pointless when there is no hard and fast rule about how much of it will be followed ..
Apparently some people appear to be doing it, but I am afraid it is not something that will have a universal appeal..
> This could be true, but why ignore the fact that you create a full blown native Mac app, with a single sentence?
Isn't that a bit overblown? I just fired up Copilot in VSCode and typed in "make me a DAW plugin that will inject MIDI control changes into the track output" and it didn't even know where to start.
What a strange take - you dismiss valid criticisms of Spotify product, just to venture off into the land of "well you can create a mac app with one sentence" as if that would matter here.
I don’t necessarily endorse the author’s broad conclusions about “AI”, but I will say that the Spotify DJ specifically is an enragingly bad product. Nothing close to the utility of Claude Code.
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AI DJs for music feel a bit like AIs writing restaurant reviews. Possible in theory, but fundamentally I don’t really care what a machine thinks, I care about what a human, preferably an expert human, thinks.
I listen to a lot of DJ mixes on YouTube (Hör Berlin is great, for example) and part of the appeal is what this particular DJ picks: what kind of music are they listening to in the country they’re from, how are they interpreting it, what are they mixing it with, etc. For some DJs there’s also kind of a personal visual brand, like musicians themselves.
The idea of an anonymous AI picking an optimized list of music kind of defeats the purpose.
Curation is the future, and those with the depth and breadth of knowledge required to do it well will be in high demand. The human touch will become a selling point and attract those in the know.
While there has always been room for middle-of-the-road "content", there have also always been those that seek a higher value. I expect that segment to only grow.
I like using the automatic lists in soundcloud to discover new music. Often its hit or miss but it can surface some great tracks... Its intentional though, gotta have your finger on the skip track and heart...
Right but a good DJ introduces you to new music while fitting the track into the set as a whole. It’s not a random music discovery process, and oftentimes I’ll end up mostly preferring to listen to a song as a part of the set, not individually.
To use the food analogy again: sure, if you just eat random things on the menu, you might find new foods that you enjoy. But it’ll be a much better experience if the chef / restaurant is introducing you to new foods in an intelligent way, not randomly or “We see you like chicken, so try this other chicken dish.”
no idea how spotify ai specifically works (i don't use that service) but:
> fitting the track into the set as a whole. It’s not a random music discovery process
there have been plenty of attempts to analyze music and to automate track matching like the music genome (going back to '99) and while human DJ's definitely have their place (i actually listen to lots of those) it's not inconceivable that a lot of modern music could also be mixed and matched automatically with at least half-decent (to a human) results.
P.S. found the article itself pretty funny - like a nerdy, methodical complaint, just funny to read
Check out Paul Lamere's talk about playlisting that he presented at ISMIR 2010 (The International Society for Music Information Retrieval has conferences about all this stuff, and Paul founded The Echo Nest, which Spotify later bought):
ISMIR: The International Society for Music Information Retrieval
https://ismir.net/
Finding a path through the Jukebox: The Playlist Tutorial:
https://musicmachinery.com/2010/08/06/finding-a-path-through...
>Tutorial 4: Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial. The simple playlist, in its many forms -- from the radio show, to the album, to the mixtape has long been a part of how people discover, listen to and share music. As the world of online music grows, the playlist is once again becoming a central tool to help listeners successfully experience music. Further, the playlist is increasingly a vehicle for recommendation and discovery of new or unknown music. More and more, commercial music services such as Pandora, Last.fm, iTunes and Spotify rely on the playlist to improve the listening experience. In this tutorial we look at the state of the art in playlisting. We present a brief history of the playlist, provide an overview of the different types of playlists and take an in-depth look at the state-of-the-art in automatic playlist generation including commercial and academic systems. We explore methods of evaluating playlists and ways that MIR techniques can be used to improve playlists. Our tutorial concludes with a discussion of what the future may hold for playlists and playlist generation/construction.
The Echo Nest:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Echo_Nest
Paul's blog:
https://musicmachinery.com/
And github repo:
https://github.com/plamere
I don’t think it’s impossible or anything, I just don’t think it would really result in anything particularly interesting. The best DJs often add such an obscure reference or song, dialogue from a movie, etc. that comes from their own individuality. Music recommendation systems seem to mostly operate on a tagging/descriptive basis, because obviously they don’t have real lives to draw these references from.
If an AI would make interesting DJ mixes that aren’t merely collections of similar music, I think they’d need to be constructed in a totally different way.
Using recommendation engines feels like wading through the sewers. Eventually you find some gems but you have to pass a lot of shit on the way. Listening to actual DJ sets is gem after gem. Only problem is if you are looking for stuff to dj with yourself, most of what they are playing is yet unreleased or private edits that never come out.
But how do you find a good dj and then fight Spotify to listen to their set list?
I listen to them in full on Youtube and soundcloud.
I much prefer the human curated 'casts or mix shows from DJs with early releases from labels that do a mix while telling you the track/artist/release date. These are clearly aimed at human DJs rather than the larger public. But as far as new recommendations, they are far superior to "automatic" lists from any platform.
I can't really tell the difference between the mixes Spotify has been generating for more than a decade, except that the DJ picks which mix and then an LLM writes some DJ patter to wrap around it. I've gotten a lot of value over the years out of Spotify picking what song comes next when my queue is empty, I've been introduced (or re-introduced) to a lot of good music this way but there is no magic to it, its just a ML recommendation/engagement model like many others.
i like going through chatgpt to generate spotify mixes. much more personalized.
Sure, it’s not the same as a human suggesting music. But sometimes people consume art for the art, not for the curator! Both are worthwhile.
Sure, and a simple random number generator will use significantly fewer resources for the same desired result.
Surely you’d agree on second thought that Spotify’s recommendation algorithms are more reliable than pure chance?
I’ve always found Spotify’s recommendations to be aggressively bad, to the point that complete randomness would probably be preferable.
Spotify has spent 5 years pushing podcasts and audio booms at me, despite me never clicking one and showing interest. Spotify has very little idea what I want, it seems.
not so sure actually
There's a big difference between a real human DJ, especially one at a live event that can read the audience, versus what is essentially Spotify shuffle with some LLM voice in-between songs. It knows the song coming up next so it can spout off some random words it's pulled from various review sites. It's not really that impressive once you've used it, the Spotify shuffle and the generated song blurbs are the real tech running the show.
This isn’t really related to the core argument, but I think the author would be better served on just about every count by switching to Apple Music (Classical). The discovery and organization mechanisms are built for classical music first and make the whole project of finding, saving, and enjoying the material way better. They include PDFs of the booklets, for goodness sake! (And let you cross-shop recordings of the same piece by different performers so, so easily.)
Indeed Apple Music Classical or Idagio. Spotify has never cared for classical, because the market is too small for them to bother.
I've tried using Spotify and similar services that try to track your preferences but they're just, I don't know, boring. I much prefer the challenge of a human-picked DJ set.
I usually listen to dublab (los Angeles, cologne, and Barcelona) and nts1 (usually London) and nts2 (location rotates). They have 1 or 2 hour DJ sessions (live or recorded) and your hear some music that you normally wouldn't be exposed to and sometimes you hate it but usually not.
I've tried using Spotify and similar services that try to track your preferences but they're just, I don't know, boring. I much prefer the challenge of a human-picked DJ set.
The significant problem that AI faces in automatically curating something is that the input data is usually pretty terrible. It's based on either similarity of the thing being curated which doesn't work because people don't want things to be too similar or to dissimilar, or it's randomness which doesn't work because it's too discordant, or it's based on patterns in the data (people who listened to X listened to Y, so recommend Y to people who listen to X) which works but only if the listener's taste aligns with the majority. If you introduce multiple sources of patterns in the data you quickly lose any variation and things stop being interesting.
This is a hard problem. No one has ever really solved it, despite Spotify, Netflix, YouTube, etc investing hundreds of millions into the space. Humans are probably just too fickle to accept that an algorithm can choose for us. It lacks the social proof that a tastemaker like a DJ brings.
> the input data is usually pretty terrible. It's based on either similarity
I found luck just using a LLM to chat about my tastes, what I like, what kinds of songs I want to discover ... it does a good job and is able to also give me background.
That only works because it’s trained on reviews written by humans.
So we are back to humans curating content, just with AI then doing the final search
I think what you're describing is what people working with recommender systems call serendipity. Maximizing serendipity, while maintaining relatively high relevance/recommendation success rate, is supposedly a pretty difficult problem to solve. I'm not sure if LLMs have changed that.
Thanks for these tips. I even find my Youtube gives me better recommendations than Spotify.
https://www.nts.live/radio
Right now NTS Guide to: Italian Library, Soundtracks and OSTS
https://www.dublab.com/
I avoid ghetto music but aslong as it has classical, OSTs, calm jazz, trance etc :)
A bit turned off by a certain section but I can ignore it.
aha okay, I can search for "NTS Guide to" on Spotify and people have just made playlists! Great! thanks
Spotify should have twitch-style, human hosted, radio shows (intentionally no video) with live chat. with full access to the catalog, it would easily bring back communities built around good music.
That would be good experimnent and could actually work.
I would love to try it however they would have to solve "global song availability" and "Sponsored songs only Stations".
But if they did try there is the chance of some niche communities forming.
It wouldn't even need to be live to begin with. A narrated playlist with a DJ and basic control functionality such as fading into songs or a voice over.
Not trivial but doable and I wonder why they never tried that.
It has been tried. I don't remember its name, but I remember that they have changed names at least once. It's a pretty obvious "app" for Spotify's API which they opened up a few years ago.
Nice idea! Let’s hope that some other platform executes this (let’s be honest, Spotify doesn’t care about humans in any way).
Spotify is very anti music. They are just selling content the music part they are very indifferent on
I rather do my own mix tapes, or mix MP3, taken from CDs that I still buy, occasionally directly from bands after concert.
Otherwise a few European radios, even if with ads, as a second goal is to keep my foreign language skills up to date.
Also a few lucky algorithm gems on YouTube, or the KEXP, Tiny Desk, ARTE Concerts, Colours channels.
Never got into Spotify.
NTS is truly excellent yes.
The streaming app algorithms are bland as hell, built for people who just want noise in the background.
NTS and Radio6, genuinely enough to expose me to new things
tiny desk
you have to do your own search and play, but some of the stuff by unknowns and famous artists giving back is profound, they KNOW when they hit it, all live, mostly acoustic and all useing musicians, no tape, no sequencers. listen to one such performance, and maybe you dont need anything else for a week.
These are great, thank you so much for sharing the recommendations. I tuned in to NTS and casually just kept on listening for a very long time. If anyone else has good recommendations, I'm all ears. Thank you.
Check out mixes by Blackest Ever Black label (now defunct) from NTS and Berlin Community Radio, listening to them literally feels like a journey. Funny part, sometimes they use a contrasting tune to end a mix, which creates a feeling similar to movie credits roll in the end.
Which weirdly enough has made Soundcloud one of my primary sources for finding music I enjoy, via DJ sets.
I didn't get past the wanky declaration that he listens to classical, listing out dozens of composers.
The term DJ is synonymous with modern, electronic music, anyway.
Yeah, that's where he lost me too. Strikes me as very pretentious.
He didn't even say "classical", he was circumspect with "that moste illustriouse of musical traditionnes".
The entire thing is written in a curmudgeonly fashion, led by that massive list of musicians.
We get it, you like classical music and Spotify is a poor fit. That's... the article?
For my classical music use case, listening to new releases, Spotify works very well, particularly with the help of 3rd-party services.
I follow several thousand composers and musicians. I then get daily playlist creation by crabhands.com of any new releases by those I follow. I then export the crabhand playlist into my own local database via exportify.net. I then create Spotify playlists of music I haven't heard that I may like as well as the released works I like best. Then I score the works I've listened to and feed that back into the system. So I get a deluge of new releases but play it in an organized fashion.
It's not a long article, and is quite amusing to read. People have such high expectation of free articles on the internet.
Because most of that list isn't classical music
Yes it is. "Classical" without further context means any part of the tradition of Western art music with written score. Classical-era classical music is a subset of classical as a whole.
Well, Charles would just say that you are one of the ones that dgaf
Or someone cueing up well-known pop/dance tunes at a wedding/disco. Last time I was at one they weren't generally firing up symphonies, string quartets then doing a deeper drop of a heavy hitting baroque banger to see the bodies hit the floor.
Glad I wasn't the only one. Love how he goes on to say how he's aware that people are unfamiliar with all those names he just dropped.
The Spotify AI DJ makes some pretty cool sets for me, but I listen to Hyperpop and Outrun type electronic music, stuff like that. A DJ spinning sets of classical music is pretty weird haha. I’d recommend just listening to the Classical New Releases playlist, which is excellent.
It almost feels like he asked an AI to write out a list of composers
Me three. I thought it was an attempt at humor, but I got to the end and didn't find a punchline?
I learned Windows programming from his book, I'm sort of shocked he doesn't seem to have a base-level understanding of how transformer models work..
That, and instrumental music. Seems to believe the set of all music = pop songs + western civilization tradition classical music
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Author comes off as what days is called “performative man”.
"wanky"
Austraian/New Zealander detected lol
Specifically one who disliked The Hard Road: Restrung and Metal in general.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hard_Road:_Restrung
It's a great album, but the term was around long before it.
> It's a great album
Sure, leans a bit classical and not the least bit "wanky" (at least IMHO)
> but the term was around long before it.
Wanky? DJ? Classical? Term Of His Natural Life? .. Regardless of the specific etymological chronology you're thinking of, I feel there are non-wanky examples in the broad tent of "classical".
I'm pretty sure it comes down to radio vs interactive music licensing. A general radio license doesn't allow users to pick the track they want to hear. They only get a shuffled playback and face other limitations like "can't play an album all the way through". Interactive licensing allows users to pick exactly what they want, including playing full albums, but it's much more expensive per track.
It appears that Spotify's engines use a mix of these licenses to reduce costs. Since AI isn't explicitly user-made selections, it's quite possible that the AI playlist generator is limited to a radio license model for playback, simply to save money (considering the additional cost of providing AI).
> I’m aware that many people are unfamiliar with this musical tradition, but it forms one of the sturdiest pillars of what we casually refer to as “western civilization.” Plus, it’s a whole lot of really enthralling music.
I really had to push to keep reading past this part.
But this piece doesn’t really say anything surprising anyway. Spotify isn’t for classical music. There are other services that are.
From the article:
> Am I naïve in expecting Artificial Intelligence to be smart? Is my interpretation of the word “intelligence” too literal? And when an AI behaves stupidly, who’s to blame? The programmers or the AI entity itself? Is it even proper to make a distinction between the two? Or does the AI work in so mysterious a way that the programmers need no longer take responsibility?
IMO this is a programming/prompting failure - not a failure in the general capability of 'AI'.
We can prove that an AI can understand this with a basic prompt:
https://chatgpt.com/share/69b67906-0e18-8012-9123-718fc6422c...
This is a minimal base prompt, with no fine-tuning, with the same user prompt, which shows that an AI will respond correctly by default. Presumably either the AI they are using is a weak model, or their prompt is encouraging the model against this (e.g. maybe the prompt says 'return one song based on the suggestion, and then songs from similar artists after')
> I’ve heard people claim that an AI can compose music. But how can that be when it can’t even grasp basic concepts in music?
Trying to infer the underlying capability of AI to generate music based on a badly-prompted Spotify DJ feature is always going to have it's limits. The proof of 'can AI compose music' will be in the eating of the pudding. AI models have already been able to compose classical music to some extent, and can grasp music theory, so after this point it's just going to be a matter of quality/taste.
> maybe the prompt says 'return one song based on the suggestion, and then songs from similar artists after'
What are the chances there is or will be a prompt to direct listeners from artists with higher royalties to those with basic fees?
If I was an MBA, this would absolutely a direction I would take.
Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user. All the prompts were crystal clear. Trying to shift any blame on user error is non-sensical stupidity or dumb manipulation in this case.
Also, might I recommend looking at the way the world is, not the way the world might be. This is one of the ugly AI tendrils this disgusting industry is putting into everything, bringing ruin to the world. This is the actual reality of it, making the world a dumber, less interesting more stupid place.
> Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user.
I'm shifting 'blame' to Spotify, rather than the user or the AI model - although blame is probably a pretty strong word anyway for what is probably just supposed to be a fun DJ feature.
> All the prompts were crystal clear.
We don't know what the prompt is, because the FULL prompt will be a combination of the base prompt plus the user prompt. It's trivial to show that a modern model with a minimal base prompt will return correctly (as per my original post), so IMO there is probably something in the base prompt which is encouraging the model to return differently.
I wanted to clarify the first two points, but i'll not respond to the rest of your comment as it's a bit overly-emotive (calling what I say disgusting, rambling about the downfall of society as a whole etc).
Pretty sure they were saying it was a skill issue on the part of the Spotify engineers writing the internal system prompt for their slop DJ.
> it was a skill issue on the part of the Spotify engineers writing the internal system prompt for their slop DJ
Spotify are currently making a big deal about not writing any code - I attended a webinar this week where one of the slides proudly trumpeted this fact:
“ 0 lines of code
Spotify's best engineers have not written a line of code since December.”
December? I would have guessed it’s been longer than that.
A full decade since spotify wrapped was released and we still have the grand unified … menu with a seemingly randomized list of actions that takes hundreds of milliseconds to load depending on network conditions. And buggy jams that desync constantly. And it’s way too easy to accidentally clear the entire queue. I could go on, wonder what the hundreds of PMs are doing?
Bunch of clowns coasting on their moat instead of building an actually good product.
"Disgusting" is a strong term to use regarding a poor quality music chooser
> Your reference to prompting is pretty disgusting since you try to shift the blame to the user
Users are often to blame in many varied cases and there should be no taboo around discussing this. I think maybe some people hear that you should never blame rape victims for rape and then go running wild trying to apply that as a general principle of never blaming anybody who is in any way a victim of anything, even when the "victimhood" is simply some piece of trivial software not working well. But we're not talking about rape so your intense rejection ("disgusting") is completely off the mark.
In this article we see proof that the words people use to describe a phenomenon influence how they think about that phenomenon: what they expect, what they assume, how they reason about it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity
Every time someone calls an LLM "AI", their brain faults a little more.
This is the profession of marketing's greatest success: inflicting so much damage on the rest of the world.
I do wonder how people can be satisfied with automatic music playlists. I was entertained by this for maybe a few hours when Pandora was new, but they all seemingly always devolve into either playing weird shit, playing the same 50 songs over and over again, or playing whatever new release shilled crap the record companies are paying to promote. Yet it seems like everybody else these days is a Spotify addict. I guess most people are fine with it.
Pandora is the only one that even remotely came close to something worthwhile, for me. It usually picked stuff that I wanted to hear; and that was a decade ago. Every other selection service regularly fed me garbage.
Pandora was worthless, though, because of their skip limit (even in the paid version). Even with its effectiveness, it would still feed me junk.
This guy is a classical music guy, though, and all the pickers suck, for that. Classical has been treated badly, forever. I am extremely disappointed that Apple segregated classical into its own app, because I have always enjoyed mixing it in with my regular music.
One thing about classical music, is that every performance is a “cover.” Who performs the piece is just as important as who wrote it. None of the selection services seem to understand that.
MP3 tags are pretty much worthless. They are incredibly limited, and I don’t know why they have never been improved.
What would you add to MP3 tags? ID3v2 already has separate fields for section/title/performer/conductor/composer/lyricist, it isn't the spec's fault Spotify doesn't use them.
It's the "pick any one" nature.
You have to classify every title as one type.
How would we classify Zappa, or Secret Chiefs 3? Are they jazz, alternative (a worthless category), rock, pop, heavy metal, comedy? Depending on what you listen to, it could be any one of them. Also, each song could be in multiple categories. Boz Skaggs was known for disco-style pop, but he was an outstanding blues performer, and many of his songs reflect that mix.
This is really a music industry problem, and software just reflects that. The bug is really in the Requirements phase.
Well, it's less of a technology problem than it is an industry one. You can have multiple entries in the genre list and they're freeform, for example Ambient;Electronic, in both ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4. For Vorbis Comments, you have multiple GENRE= tags. Some players support this.
In my interactions with distributors, it seems streaming services tend to support up to two genre classifications; though they're pretty outdated and general (even more general and dated than the Winamp genre list). I don't think they use the metadata presented much in the classification; in fact Spotify does its own estimation of 'energy' and other subjective emotions using various classifier algorithms.
It's the record companies/publishers which don't use them. I don't think I know one record company which reports metadata well.
I've fallen back to keeping my classical collection on my Plex server. Many of the recordings are ones I've personally participated in the performance of, and others are just ones that I prefer. Elgar performed by London philharmonic with Daniel Barenboim is what I prefer, and when I hear a different recording, like the Berlin Symphony one that Spotify likes to trot out, it feels wrong. It drags where it's not supposed to and speeds at other times.
It's not wrong, it's just not what I like
I listen to a lot of old music - 1950s, 1960s. I don't really have peers who listen to it so discoverability is a real issue. Pandora was amazing for me ~20 years ago, it introduced me to songs I never would have heard. Especially in the 50s you had a lot of "one hit wonders" so just listening to a band wasn't a great way to find other songs that I would like.
I don't really use Spotify so I can't compare but Pandora was awesome. I've found Youtube playlists to be the best replacement so far.
The old stuff is the good stuff alright,
(1930s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHLbaOLWjpc
(1950s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6isIPytpk40
(1960s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qssa6ec7faQ
Good stuff in any time, just harder to find:
(2025) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8hPNPInXh0
(2024) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ef-c-9G52jU
(2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C1EDbkl2CU
(2025) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvcNvVZl9AA
(2022) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gr2sx-HHTBw
>just harder to find
But this is the problem. Before, people where naturally exposed to classical and jazz and OSTs etc.
This is the problem with current society.
How do you find it in the modern era that’s really the problem we’re asking to solve
That New Order cover is tight, thank you for this.
> I don't really use Spotify so I can't compare but Pandora was awesome. I've found Youtube playlists to be the best replacement so far.
You do realize Pandora is still there, right?
For me, it's been 'gone' since 2017, when they shut down in Australia. They used to be available everywhere, but locked off international audiences when laws became inconvenient.
(Obviously you could VPN in, but it's a meaningful hassle.)
> They used to be available everywhere, but locked off international audiences when laws became inconvenient.
The coverage I could find suggested that they were available in three total countries: the USA, Australia, and New Zealand.
So there was no point at which they locked out "international audiences". They had a branch in Australia, and they closed it.
From 2005-2007 it was available everywhere. It was a purely US operation, but the internet is international unless you take active steps to stop it.
In 2007 the copyright lawyers caught up with them and they locked it to US IP addresses: https://mashable.com/archive/pandora-international
Australia-specific operations were 2012-2017.
It got shut down in my country about 10 years ago.
It’s never been good though
Not really. I stopped using it at some point a very, very long time ago, and I don't recall why. I've moved to Youtube so it hasn't occurred to me to revisit.
I've found a lot of great music through Pandora.
It's very miss-or-miss; you need to be willing to thumb down 95% of what Pandora thinks you'll like. But with enough care, it's a good discovery channel.
Spotify's discover weekly was genuinely good when it first came. It was on another level from other recommendation services. Maybe 90% of the music I've bought on Bandcamp, I would never have known about if it wasn't for discover weekly (Bandcamp's own recommendation/discovery features are lousy).
But somehow, probably from a combination of rights owners gaming it and Spotify gaming it, DW is a pale shadow of its former self.
I've been working on and off on something [1] that tries to address this problem through somewhat manual curation. You choose what genres you're interested in, and get auto updated playlists created from your music library.
I have a few other experimental features in the pipeline that will expand the music selection, but they are not there yet.
[1] https://riffradar.org/
My observations are that the average person is bothered by the slop of modern playlists full of AI music, but they don’t care enough to do anything about it.
Personally I dropped playlists long ago for YouTube dj sets which are a million times better than Spotify’s AI dj. Some of this is not a tech failing but the DJs have access to unreleased tracks, their own private edits, and are more willing to do more bold things. The AI DJ will never drop a surprise change that makes the crowd scream.
[dead]
> Am I naïve in expecting Artificial Intelligence to be smart? Is my interpretation of the word “intelligence” too literal?
I wish more people would ask themselves those questions.
Sadly Charles himself didn't appear to conclude that yes, it's naïve to expect AI to be "smart" (whatever that means) and yes, he and many other people get hung up on the word "intelligence" in AI, a field that's been called that since the 1950s.
He doesn't really even dig into the quality of Spotify's AI DJ apart from pointing out, in a very roundabout way, that it was designed for popular music.
Classical is a harder (or at least different) problem and it's why specialist apps like Apple Music Classical exist.
Ex spotifier here.
Classical isn’t harder. It’s just so niche that leadership at spotify never bothered. It has a whole different taxonomy; it’s composer, not performer based etc.
Spotify isn’t against new taxonomies outside of weatern pop music. The India launch, where ragas were super important, shows it. But the Indian market is vastly larger than the small (albeit loud) number of classical music enthusiasts.
All that is to say, it’s a business decision, not a tech or AI problem.
(I really like classical music, too, btw., so please don’t read this as me not respecting that user base.)
Does it even make sense to DJ classical music? It’s done with electronic music to keep a continuous energy level for hours.
> to keep a continuous energy level for hours
Like a full Michael Nyman concert? -
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3KgZlxTz8g
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHVU3UlLHRg
Philip Glass's four-hour-long Music in Twelve Parts (1971–1974)?
Disclaimer: I'm a massive fan of the six hour extended cut of Cage's 4'33
I was about to comment this too.
For someone that explicitly states:
> I don’t listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition (...)
And who apparently wants to stream music, it is wild he's not subscribed to Apple Music Classical which exactly circumvents all complaints in this article...
I think advertising it as a DJ is a stretch, last time I tried it, it was basically just Siri for music. DJing is much more than just playing random tracks.
I’ve been wondering if AI could be used to compose a set that rivals real DJs, but it seems like a difficult problem. First it needs to select tracks that fit well together, and stitch them together to ramp up and ramp down energy over time. Then it needs to layer the tracks, which requires an intuition for what sounds good and I’m not sure can be done algorithmically. It also needs to do engaging transitions which are appropriate for the moment - also difficult.
I think calling it AI is also a stretch.
Is hammer appallingly stupid for being bad at driving screws, or is the person trying to hammer screws stupid?
In this case, I see the author's point. The DJ isn't being advertised as "a narrow tool to select some random pop tunes". If an average person is told this is AI, has a full text interface and responds with "sure I'll do what you asked" and appears to understand, then they expect it to do what it is asked.
We're told its better than people at selecting songs (e.g. has the combined wisdom of all music and music experts), basic requests like "play the first movement of Beethoven's 7th" don't sound hard for an average person with limited / no musical expertise. If I said "please play the entire 7th symphony", and the tool responds with "sure, I'll play the whole thing", then proceeds to play the Beatles, I'd say that's a fair thing to point out as a shortcoming.
Its only obvious to tech people that understand that the technology has extreme limits and only works well on areas with abundant high quality data and labels, and can't be expected to reason like a person at all in many cases, that those limits seem as obvious as hammer / screw-driver. And that given how spotify developed these models, they probably didn't really intend classical or test that area -- so it fails despite sounding confident.
But maybe we should stop advertising screwdrivers as universal intelligence? There's a lot of mott and bailey going on. When AI makes mistakes its "just tools, stop expecting intelligence." However, when people question the AI hype its "humans make mistakes too, LLMs are truly reasoning and better most humans already." And "the entire labor economy will be replaced, human DJs will cease to exist.".
I worked for a man who hammered wood screws most of the way in and then finished with a screw driver because "the threads made by that last few turns were enough."
The real problem with Spotify's DJ is that, if you use it a lot, it gets into a feedback loop where it keeps playing the same songs that it serves you up because it thinks you like them. It's pretty bad at finding new music which is ironic because I find Spotify's Discover Weekly algorithm to be quite good (sometimes)
I do think the Spotify DJ has been dumbed down a lot since its launch (“a’ight, I got you. Here’s some songs for your washing up session.” [proceeds to play the same 10 songs it always does]).
But for classical music: Apple Music Classical is where it’s at, it understands the relationship between composer, work and recording.
Absolutely agree on the dumbing down. I'm guessing it's getting heavy use, for many it's probably the default thing to go to - so an easy target for cost optimization.
Mine will randomly go "Here's some driving tunes" while I'm sitting still, or introduce to me to "The Kings of Leon" when I have some of their songs liked and in my playlists. It's pretty clear there's not a lot of my data in the the input context, or it's not been improved over time.
Just wanted to second Apple Music Classical. It’s cool.
I briefly tried it when they first launched it, but in less than an hour decided I hated it.
Which I really should have anticipated since I generally dislike music radio "DJ"s too and Spotify's AI DJ is trying to be like one.
In particular it would do things like start playing tracks with no bearing on anything I'd ever listened to, like local South African music which is very far from universally preferred here. I also got the feeling it was pushing "promoted" tracks with little regard to what I would likely like, just like real life radio stations.
I also don't care to have some voice interrupting the music all the time.
I was hoping it would kind of be like their other "radio"s, but it would be more explorative to finding more "similar" tracks to what I have listened to, without seeming to get stuck in a repeating play list.
I suppose it's a cool gimmick for people who are prefer the broadcast radio experience.
How could software engineers in London and Stockholm understand the effects of racial segregation on music preferences?
These services shouldn't make assumptions based on demographics, like location. Some broader examples, it shouldn't recommend US pop music to me because I live in the US or country music because I live in the south.
This not about race at all, for example just because you're white doesn't mean you'd care to listen to Afrikaans music.
Even between people with the same cultural background, music tastes can vary wildly.
Spotify is filled with payola, and their claims about it are intentionally extremely misleading while not explicitly fraudulent.
It shows up in all Spotify-generated playlists, so I refuse to listen to them. I assume their shitty AI recommendations are similarly filled with cancer.
But he already explains why it won't work at the beginning. If stuff is cataloged according to a pop paradigm, why would we expect to be able to reassemble it according to a classical one?
Presumably a pop DJ would also mess this up. It's like going to an Indian restaurant and asking what Dim Sum they recommend.
The only reason a human would be able to do this task is that they might be trained in how to find classical music, and they have spent some time learning what is what in that world.
But a Spotify AI is of course going to be trained on the prevailing classification system only.
The whole pitch of AI is that the model is going to be able to make exploit general knowledge outside of the local scope of the problem, just like a human would do. So I would also expect that it would be able to transfer his knowledge of classical music learned in language training, and apply that to the Spotify database.
The classical classification system is equivalent to the classification of cover versions in popular music. Of course, most audio software handles cover versions poorly too, but it's not like it's a completely unknown problem.
I asked this thing to play me some instrumental EDM tracks and it couldn't handle the task. I don't think classical music is even remotely viable. Spotify already really sucks at it. Pouring AI on top definitely won't help the main issue which is gaping holes in relevant content. It just doesn't exist on the platform in most cases.
> I don't listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition that encompasses [list of like 50 composers]... one of the sturdiest pillars of what we call "western civilization"
> The use of the word “song” for instrumental music — that is, music that is not sung and hence is not a song — is borderline illiterate.
This guy comes across as incredibly obnoxious. It's shit like this that gives classical music a bad rap as stuffy and unapproachable.
But yes, Spotify and the like are terrible for classical music. Apple Music has a separate app for this, which does a pretty good job and addresses most of these complaints.
[dead]
I’m not sure this article is about the right thing. Rather over the last few years of cultivating a Bach obsession, I’ve discovered that streaming services in general are really bad at classical music. Without any hyperbole, Apple Music and Spotify combined don’t have nearly the selection that I have access to with an afternoon of digging through a used record store. When you get into records (especially European pressings) from the 1960s, you get into the heyday of liner notes when they were part education and part advertisement.
Some things just aren’t meant for shuffle and genres that haven’t been properly digitized are definitely one.
> I should mention that my perspective might be a little different from most people’s because I don’t listen to pop songs. I prefer music of the 500-year tradition that encompasses (in roughly chronological order) composers such as Tallis, Byrd, Dowland, Gesualdo, Monteverdi, Lully, Blow, Corelli, Purcell, Vivaldi, Rameau, Handel, Bach, Scarlatti, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Rossini, Schubert, Berlioz, Mendelssohn (Fanny and Felix), Schumann (Robert and Clara), Chopin, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Puccini, Mahler, Debussy, Strauss, Beach, Schoenberg, Ives, Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, Price, Copland, Shostakovich, Carter, Boulez, Gubaidulina, Pärt, Reich, Glass, Eastman, León, Adams, Saariaho, J. L. Adams, Wolfe, Higdon, Adès, Thorvaldsdottir, Mazzoli, Shaw, Fisher, and many others.
There are apps specifically dedicated to classical music and there are many youtube channels for classical music, with sheet music[1], with visualizations[2], with videos of concerts.
Spotify and it's drop-in competitors were never good for classical music. This article is just another rant on this issue, by someone to whom classical music is so important, a pillar of western civilization, but not important enough to look for other ways to listen.
[1]: https://www.youtube.com/@AshishXiangyiKumar
[2]: https://www.youtube.com/@smalin
It's amazing: How AI can now generate accurate images from a textual description but storefronts and music platforms can't recommend suggestions actually matching what I like.
Instead they're just thin veils around paid-promotion.
> I’ve heard people claim that an AI can compose music. But how can that be when it can’t even grasp basic concepts in music?
Why do people who hate AI think that every use of the term AI is referring to the exact same software program?
This is really going to be a problem for the large overlap of people wanting to use Spotify AI features and people who like classical music...
Perhaps file a ticket for the devs and go back to listening to the albums without AI
> go back to listening to the albums without AI
The way things are going I'm not sure how much longer we will have that option.
I do miss What.CD and its catalogue of classical music where it was easy to find the different renditions of any given symphony. It was the best I've seen (not that I've searched very hard since then). Spotify leaves a lot to be desired in that respect.
That being said, Spotify is probably not the best product if you listen to classical. If classical were all I listened to, I would probably still have an offline collection in a Media Monkey library as my main source of listening.
Author seriously needs to touch grass.
> [list of 20 classical artists] I’m aware that many people are unfamiliar with this musical tradition, but it forms one of the sturdiest pillars of what we casually refer to as “western civilization.”
> Unfortunately, this tradition is not much respected
> The use of the word “song” for instrumental music — that is, music that is not sung and hence is not a song — is borderline illiterate.
This writeup is insufferably pretentious. It almost reads like a caricature of someone that listens to classical.
Prompted playlists is a beta feature designed to cater to most users. They are likely using a heavily quantized model, fine tuned on common use cases.
Is it really surprising that it doesn't cater to the fringes of Spotify's user base from the get-go?
Clearly the author believes that their taste in music is the superior one, and so Spotify not designing their product experience around their tastes is "appalling."
Then you get absurd rants like this:
> I’ve heard people claim that an AI can compose music. But how can that be when it can’t even grasp basic concepts in music?
Almost like these are two completely separate models, in two completely separate products.
More like Comic Book Guy from the Simpsons.
The article treats this as AI being stupid, but it's a design category error. Spotify is applying rules ("don't repeat artists," "mix genres") to a system whose behavior space is unbounded. Rules are a blacklist — there's always a gap.
Real DJs don't follow playlists. They work within constraints — energy, tempo, crowd — and let the set emerge. Better boundaries, not more rules.
As the DJ is an interface to shuffle, and the author specifically wants to listen to unshuffled music the lack of intelligence may not be entirely in the AI.
Spotify has to be one of the worst run companies on the planet. Despite all the money wasted on a big engineering organization that believes it’s great, the product only ever gets worse. The interface is awful when you actually use it and find how painful the little things are. At this point I don’t think it’s worth staying with them above a giant like Apple Music.
Youtube music hasn't failed me and their "beyond the beat" AI DJ/Music bits feature has been really solid.
As of a few months ago I get AI slop tracks in virtually all YTM automatic playlists, after a few normal tracks, so I abandoned the platform entirely.
Call me when Spotify and YT collaborate with Deezer on labelling AI music as such. Yes, it's a nuanced concept, but the soup YT was serving me was extremely obvious, which was easily confirmed by checking the throughput of the "artists".
They should create a benchmark and compare AI against the best possible DJing state of the art: Mexican wedding DJs :)
Why would anyone use an AI DJ for classical music? The data model for modern music and classical music do have some major differences, which the author notes. which is why there are separate apps, sometimes connected to the same subscription, for classical and general music streaming
Who pays for a Spotify subscription, to listen to out of copyright compositions, and recordings that probably can be found easily in the public domain? Might as well complain that TikTok has no feature length documentary films in IMAX.
Author is right about Spotify: it was designed for pop music, and was also designed to de-emphasize albums in favor of individual tracks. The end goal is to remove the artist entirely, and just play AI pop music that they don't have to pay any royalties on.
Royalty reduction is where I think Spotify is putting in all their R&D dollars
This guy sounds like he has a canister of his own farts that he hooks up when writing his blog posts.
While I sympathize with the issue and have experienced similar problems with classical music, I found the listing of composers and the holier-than-thou attitude (because “pop is bad”) grating and soured the rest of the post.
Ha, despite all that the author exposes themselves as a filthy casual anyway by focusing on the work itself, as if Spotify were looking up a score. Instead “of course” we are looking for a recording, principally keyed by, for example, conductor (orchestra), director of music (choral), and/or a soloist or key ensemble members. Searching by work is like typing in “Hallelujah” to find a version by someone other than Leonard Cohen.
Snobbery sniping aside, I empathize with their sentiment, and their work was worth reading. Spotify’s whole UI is far too complicated and I wish they would go the Facebook route of breaking out the separate products into separate apps. Jumbling podcasts, pop music, and covers — sorry, classical music — is a bit weird.
>the author exposes themselves as a filthy casual anyway by focusing on the work itself, as if Spotify were looking up a score
Isn't it the job of a DJ to pick a good recording? Petzold's test seems reasonable to me. As a classical listener, if I want a specific recording I'll just play that recording. The main function of the DJ is music discovery. Perhaps they know of good recordings I haven't already heard.
When was the last time you heard of a DJ doing classical?
I haven't listened to radio for over a decade, but back when I did I listened to BBC Radio 3, where the DJ played classical. "DJ" does not necessarily mean somebody beatmixing dance music in a club. Spotify's "AI DJ" is obviously meant to simulate a radio DJ.
I hate this AI slop commenting fad.
The em dashes are the only thing making it look AI-written. I think it was human written by someone who likes em dashes.
I am indeed a human. The variable quality of my contributions here ought to attest to that!
My grandfather was a typesetter and print designer. My other grandfather was part of Gill’s circle and his bookplate was inscribed by him. My first and only kickstarter in which I participated was Linotype: The Movie. I am currently reading Jury’s Type Designers of the Twentieth Century. I also have Peace’s catalogue of Gill’s inscriptions on my desk. Justin Knopp from Typoretum set my personal card from his digitized collection of rare founts. I’m interested in type and page design and I do like em dashes.
But I also just really like iOS’s automatic replacement of 2x hyphens with a dash.
What’s interesting is this feature (Spotify DJ) really excels when you give it qualitative input “workout music that pairs well with a sunrise” - and can deliver stronger results that hunting for a playlists
Ugh, couldn’t read it, could the guy be less smug about liking classical music
My gripe with the AI DJ is that it just talks way too much, emulating the worst djs.
Songza was able to do this properly years ago which customized playlist based on your mood but Spotify just doesnt get it.
Well that was a difficult read. Sure, it is a problem. But the author seemed so snobby about his music taste. Not very likeable.
I'm not surprised. I used the AI DJ twice, on separate occasions, and it played me the same songs, in the same order... Suffice to say I have not used it since.
I love this. Reminds me of https://playedgar.netlify.app/
I can scarcely imagine a way to formulate an argument that is better at convincing the reader that the author is a grumpy dude on the spectrum.
Excellent. The DJ is a random number generator. No matter how good the prompt, the randomness is gonna be there.
Basically it's a case of Spotify catering to a young, pop-loving audience, at the expense of alternative genres.
I've had good results from Spotify's DJ, it's basically just a memories feature on Facebook
almost all Spotify playlists/radio features are extremely stupid. Radios all repeat the same 2-3 songs per artist, doesn't matter where you start. Classical pieces in radios are always 1-2 minutes long etc etc. It was like before AI though.
Dunno about classical, but Pandora (still) works pretty well for mainstream music.
As a Spotify user, I often wonder how much they're constrained in their choices by their contracts with music publishers. As an example, the fact that you don't have an option to downvote a song - ie, signaling that you don't want to hear it - is such a feature gap that I can't believe it's there by choice.
I wouldn't be surprised if creating a truly great AI DJ was also hindered by this kind of legal shackles.
IIRC you can tell Spotify to never play a certain track, but I think only as part of a playlist…and it’s buried in hidden options.
I gave up on this article when it claimed that music without vocals doesn't qualify as a "song". Pretentious waffle.
Agreed. Besides, the "AI DJ" dude is an African American male with no way to change voice or personality. Virtue signalling at its finest.
The DJ I heard in Portland last night was horrible - I do not think humans are capable of creating music!
Doesn’t that sound ridiculous?
The appalling thing about Spotify DJ/Radio is that it starts playing songs that cost them less to play, and intentionally leaves out songs that cost more. Regardless of what input you give it, it will fall back to the same slop for each subgenre.
Does anyone have suggestions for good recommendation engines for new music discovery?
Since I’ve switched from Spotify to Apple Music, Apple’s recommendations are lousy and I miss discovering new artists and songs. Several of my cult favorites were Spotify suggestions I never would have found otherwise.
Are there any good recommendation engines, or people mostly just use Spotify for that?
I’d be sad if I had to switch back to Spotify but it is what it is.
This article is definitely not written by AI. No AI I know of, will be caught dead sounding like a total asshat.
Spotify DJ is terrible - just like their Apple TV app (which is perpetually buggy). However, their radio mix feature is so good that it's become the #1 reason I can't switch.
A lot of this discussion makes more sense if you know the history of The Echo Nest and their acquisition by Spotify.
The Echo Nest was one of the most interesting music-tech companies ever built: a music intelligence platform spun out of MIT that analyzed audio, metadata, web text, artist similarity, genre structure, and playlist construction. Spotify bought them in 2014 specifically to strengthen music discovery and recommendation. At the time, Spotify said the deal would let it use The Echo Nest's "in depth musical understanding and tools for curation", and even said the Echo Nest API would remain "free and open" for developers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Echo_Nest
https://news.cision.com/spotify/r/spotify-acquires-the-echo-...
If you ever used the old Echo Nest APIs, Remix SDK, demos, Music Hack Day projects, or Paul Lamere's experiments, that was a golden era. Echo Nest had open APIs for artist similarity, track analysis, playlisting, "taste profiles", ID mapping across services, and beat/segment-level music analysis. Paul Lamere's whole ecosystem of demos came out of that world: Boil the Frog, Sort Your Music, Organize Your Music, playlistminer, and later Smarter Playlists. His GitHub still points to a lot of that lineage, and his blog is still active. In fact, he posted just this month about rebuilding Smarter Playlists after ten years of use.
https://github.com/plamere
https://musicmachinery.com/
The sad part is that the open developer platform mostly did not survive the acquisition. By 2016, developers were being told that the Echo Nest API would stop issuing new keys and then stop serving requests, with migration to Spotify’s API instead. Community discussions at the time also noted that some Echo Nest capabilities, especially things like Rosetta-style cross-service mapping, were not really carried over.
https://github.com/beetbox/beets/issues/1920
That's also why Spotify's current AI DJ is so frustrating. The problem is that "AI DJ" is not the same thing as a system that deeply understands musical structure, discography semantics, performance history, or classical work/movement hierarchy. It's a recommendation + narration layer, not a true MIR-native musical intelligence system.
If you're interested in the research side of this field, the conference is ISMIR: the International Society for Music Information Retrieval, which is literally dedicated to computational tools for processing, searching, organizing, and accessing music-related data. That community is still very active. The ISMIR site describes MIR exactly in those terms, and the 2010 Utrecht conference included Paul Lamere's tutorial, "Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial."
https://ismir.net/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36482468
>gffrd on June 26, 2023 | parent | context | favorite | on: Show HN: Mofi – Content-aware fill for audio to ch...
>Yes! It was "Infinite Jukebox," created by Paul Lamere ... it was awesome because it would analyse a track, then visualize its "components" and you could watch as the new "infinite" track looped back on itself and jumped from point-to-point in the original track to create an everlasting one. He created some excellent products from the Rdio API, and later Spotify ... and I believe his analysis engine ended up being the foundation upon which Spotify's _play more tracks like these_ capability is based.
>Looks like he's moved over to publish on Substack -- there's a recent(ish) post reflecting on 10 years of Infinite Jukebox:
https://musicmachinery.substack.com/p/the-infinite-jukebox-1...
>rahimnathwani on June 26, 2023 | next [–]
>However, that wasn't the end of the Infinite Jukebox. An enterprising developer: Izzy Dahanela made her own hack on top of mine. To make it work without using uploaded content, she matches up the Echo Nest / Spotify music analysis with the corresponding song on YouTube. She hosts this at eternalbox.dev. It runs just as well as it ever did, 10 years later.
>DonHopkins on June 28, 2023 | parent | context | favorite | on: Show HN: Mofi – Content-aware fill for audio to ch...
>I was working on some music retrieval stuff in 2010, so I joined the EchoNest developer program and played around with their web apis that let you upload music and download an analysis that you could use in all kinds of cool ways. They had an SDK with some great demos and example code. I discussed it with Eric Swenson and Paul Lamere, and had the chance to hang out with Paul Lamere and Ben Fields at ISMIR 2010 (the International Society for Music Information Retrieval conference) in Utrecht, where they gave a tutorial about playlisting:
https://ismir2010.ismir.net/program/tutorials/index.html#tut...
Finding a path through the Jukebox: The Playlist Tutorial:
https://musicmachinery.com/2010/08/06/finding-a-path-through...
>Tutorial 4: Finding A Path Through The Jukebox -- The Playlist Tutorial. The simple playlist, in its many forms -- from the radio show, to the album, to the mixtape has long been a part of how people discover, listen to and share music. As the world of online music grows, the playlist is once again becoming a central tool to help listeners successfully experience music. Further, the playlist is increasingly a vehicle for recommendation and discovery of new or unknown music. More and more, commercial music services such as Pandora, Last.fm, iTunes and Spotify rely on the playlist to improve the listening experience. In this tutorial we look at the state of the art in playlisting. We present a brief history of the playlist, provide an overview of the different types of playlists and take an in-depth look at the state-of-the-art in automatic playlist generation including commercial and academic systems. We explore methods of evaluating playlists and ways that MIR techniques can be used to improve playlists. Our tutorial concludes with a discussion of what the future may hold for playlists and playlist generation/construction.
>[...]
Some of the most interesting Echo Nest descendants are still around in one form or another. Paul Lamere's current/public projects include Smarter Playlists, and his GitHub still highlights SortYourMusic, OrganizeYourMusic, playlistminer, and BoilTheFrog. Glenn McDonald’s Every Noise at Once is another major descendant of that tradition: an enormous map of music genre space. Glenn's own site still describes it as an "inexorably expanding universe of music-processing experiments", and the public genre pages now explicitly say they're a long-running snapshot based on Spotify data through 2023-11-19. After Spotify's layoffs in 2023, TechCrunch reported that Glenn lost access to the internal data needed to keep Every Noise fully updated, which is why it now feels more archival than alive.
Back in 1998 when I was working on The Sims 1, I proposed in my review of the design document something I called "Moody Music": essentially a soundtrack plus a synchronized semantic/emotional control track that could affect gameplay over time. The idea was that music wouldn't just decorate the simulation; it would change it: influencing mood, motives, relationships, skills, timing, and even triggering events at specific musical moments. I wrote that up in my review of the 1998-08-07 Sims design document, along with the broader idea of letting the game recognize a player's own CDs and fetch associated "moody tracks" from the network.
Don’s review of The Sims Design Document, Draft 3 – 8/7/98:
https://donhopkins.com/home/TheSims/TheSimsDesignDocumentDra...
>I have some ideas about how the music could effect the game, that I will write up more completely later. In a nutshell, the people in the house could have a cd or record collection to choose from, each record an object that has the sound (audio wave and/or midi) and a “moody” track synchronized with the music. Playing the music also plays the moods into the environment that the people pick up on. Music can subtly effect how people react to the environment, objects, and each other. It can effect their motives and even their skills temporarily. For example, you might be able to clean the house better and faster if you put on some up tempo bouncy music. The player should be able to assume the role of disc jockey on the radio, and play from another larger library of music and commercials, that effect the peoples moods and buying habits. The TV of course is another source of mood altering temporal media, with commercials and shows that should effect different people differently. But the most important part of this idea is instead of the game effecting the music that’s played, the music effects how the game plays! The ultimate way for the user to effect the game via music, is to insert one of their own CD’s into their real computer’s CDROM drive, and the game would recognize it, and start playing it (maybe with a simple cd player interface to select the song). There could be a database associating the unique ID number of the CD with a table of contents and “moody” tracks that tell how the song effects the peoples emotions over time, with "percussion" events at dramatic moments of the music that can trigger arbitrary events in the game (like provoking a fight that was brewing, or triggering an orgasm at just the right place in the song). We hire monkeys to listen to well known CD’s, and enter time synchronized tracks with semantic meanings in Max (like note tracks, and user defined numeric tracks) or some other timeline editing tool). Put the database up on the web for instant retrieval, so when somebody sticks in a new CD, it downloads our “moody” tracks that go with it, and it starts playing and effecting their game! Streaming emotions over the net! Eventually there should be an end-user tool so people can record their own responses to music as moody tracks they can use in our games. This mechanism could be used in all kinds of games, to varying degrees of effect. I’m not saying that music should be the only way to control the game – it’s more like a subtle background effect, but there certainly could be a scenario where you try to accomplish some task (like taming a wild beast) by using only your musical taste and timing. The real bottom line benefit is that you get to listen to your OWN cd collection of music you want to hear, instead of being driven crazy by the repetitive music bundled with the game.
In hindsight it was quite adjacent to MIR, affective computing, adaptive soundtrack systems, and some of the ambitions that Echo Nest represented. That's why I was so excited about The Echo Nest in 2010 when I was working with Will Wright at the Stupid Fun Club on a music spatial organization and navigation system called MediaGraph.
MediaGraph Music Navigation with Pie Menus Prototype developed for Will Wright's Stupid Fun Club
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KfeHNIXYUc
>This is a demo of a user interface research prototype that I developed for Will Wright at the Stupid Fun Club. It includes pie menus, an editable map of music interconnected with roads, and cellular automata.
>It uses one kind of nested hierarchical pie menu to build and edit another kind of geographic networked pie menu.
Now please try again with music that's actually played by DJ's.
Radio DJ isn't the same as club DJ.
1. Duh.
2. This author is truly insufferable and arrogant.
3. Apple Music Classical exists.
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