8 year old badly wants to be an engineer like his dad. :’) Public school got him into Scratch so he was animating things. The high school robotics team I mentor has Lego robotics kits for their community outreach program. Those kits use Scratch. So I got him a used kit and he spends an absolutely ridiculous amount of time making robots that do stuff.
This started at a very young age: we gave him access to a windows PC, not a tablet. So by 3 he could log in and get to YouTube kids. This meant that keyboard and mouse and web browser were very comfortable concepts.
We also gave him and his younger brother countless building toys. Meccano. Lego Technic.
A few lessons I’d love to empart:
- you can’t make your kid into this. His younger brother has no interest and is far more about sports. So we nurture that with him instead.
- open ended learning. I’m not sitting down and teaching him. All I do is make sure he has access to the tools, and I unstick him when he’s stuck.
- I connect concepts when I see them. “That’s called a loop. It’s just like that thing you did in Minecraft to make your machine work over and over again.”
- the learning must all be a side effect of having fun. Don’t try to teach programming. Do fun things and fill in the programming toolbox, tool by tool, as they’re needed.
- connect programming to what your kid is passionate about. Programming is a means to an end, not the end itself. My kid loves trains and has a Lego train set. I suggested he use his technic to automate the track switch. I then let him work at it for hours and hours over weeks, giving him breadcrumbs of what to consider next.
May I ask which Lego robotics kit you refer to?
My 5 year old is mad about Lego, and motors and electronics. I’d love to connect them all into one thing for him for his 6th birthday..
I got a used Spike kit. But the new ones are very expensive. The Mindstorms NXT are older but also use Scratch and are pretty decent hardware. I’d definitely approach this by looking for a used set unless you’ve got money for it. :)
I have run a codeclub for 10 years. Here’s some quick thoughts:
- Make them curious, if they are curious they will teach themselves. Example: don’t tell them what a for loop is, make a project where they really need it, but let them first to write it very verbosely without loops, then they will almost invent it themselves and be relived when you teach them (same style can be applied to most things)
- make projects that have low entry level, but where they can improve it infinitely. E.g. build an aquarium simulator or a city simulator using p5.js
- make them collaborate with other kids if possible, often they learn better from their peers than listening to their parents. Facilitate collaboration, and help them come up with more and more difficult projects, that require more and more of them, so they don’t stay on the same level too long
These are awesome pointers. I especially agree with your first point about writing verbosely - I would do this all the time when I was teaching kids. I would copy and paste things and write all kinds of hairy logic, so they can see how useful it is to use different syntax and apply some refactoring.
I still do that at 38 - I often write something, copy-paste and edit something, and do it a few times until I figure out exactly what needs looping over. It's not always clear if you use coding as part of understanding the problem domain.
- I made this little thing with 100 levels, each easy enough to do in 30 seconds to 2 minutes: https://akkartik.name/post/2024-10-26-devlog. My kid has zero patience for lecturing, and this is me trying to sneak through that filter.
- When you get to the end, it turns out you're pretty close to a game of Pong or Snake, and it's been interesting to see people build toward one vs the other. I've been obsessed with Snake lately, alternating between playing it and hacking on it: https://merveilles.town/@akkartik/114547652849162554
I taught kids how to code for several years, both in person and through a website that taught Python to ~500k kids. My eternal advice with teaching CS is to delay abstractions as long as possible. Teach them how to draw a circle on a canvas, then get them to move the circle to different parts of the canvas, then get them to draw multiple overlapping circles/rectangles/etc. Once you've got that down, make a bouncing ball animation, simple games, and so on. Most kids don't really care for leetcode problems these days, so it's best to stick to things that are visual, creative, and instant-feedback (i.e. games).
This was a really useful realization when I was teaching kids to code in person for ~5 years. I started off teaching Java with an abstraction layer (https://www.bluej.org/), but I found that many students would be intimidated by anything that ventured outside of the abstraction (e.g. just run `javac` on your computer with a `.java` file). My most successful students intuitively understood how to turn a text file on their computer into a useful piece of compiled code, or into a JAR bundle that they could share with others. They also used the various abstractions that were thoughtfully introduced over time - e.g. an IDE that gives you a run button, libraries like Firebase which enable some exciting multiplayer game options, and so on.
My experience also shown that Python, being considered "simple", is actually harder for students to learn. Things I took as obvious are not for first time coders:
Ok, so spaces and indentation matter. How many spaces exactly there should be around `=`?
`a[1]` -- does it fetch something or does it modify something?
`for k, v in a.items():` or `for i in range(10):` -- waaa? How many spaces there should be?
What do you mean my Python script doesn't run, you see I clicked it and it runs. What do you mean "interpreter"?
And the main issue -- types. I'm 100% convinced now that the first language must be strictly-typed, like Java, and don't use `var`, always use explicit types. Otherwise students don't think in terms of types, but "what I put there" like it can hold anything.
I've been increasingly concerned by packaged CS curricula that includes an overabundance of guidance and tooling. I've seen too many students complete a course (successfully!) and leave without any ability to start building projects of their own.
I don't want to end up as a curmudgeon griping about how "back in my day we didn't have an IDE!", as I'm in favor of giving students real world tools early, but I'm worried that we're filtering out some level of independence by sandboxing their learning so strictly.
Yeah, I'm an adult and half the time I find that abstractions just muddy the water. The correct amount of abstraction is not zero (possibility excepting the poor engineers who have to actually design microchips), but IMHO it's usually lower than people think it is.
As a heads up, I fell in love with abstractions as soon as I could understand them (at some point in age 12 or 13 I "invented" function calls in rpg maker events)
> Knowing fundamentals is always useful, but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill.
How difficult a skill is "collaborate with an AI" that it can't be picked up quickly at any time (and will be changing rapidly)?
And how permanently stunted is a person who always "collaborated" and never had to think.
> I’ve been focusing on fundamentals like logic, structure, and problem-solving.
These are good. And exploration, and having fun.
> CS fundamentals
You can gently drop CS-ish ideas, or more sophisticated programming ideas, as the kid is ready. For example, they're blocked on something they're building, and can't go any further, because they're trying to do everything as code with not enough data. So you show them what could be data, and what language feature enables that, and suddenly their code looks a little more sophisticated, and a lot less repetitive.
If they keep going, eventually they will want to frontload learn all the CS things. Not for Leetcode interviews, nor for whatever job-gatekeeping atrocity is made up next for people who also have to interview-prep to fake "passion".
> And how permanently stunted is a person who always "collaborated" and never had to think.
How permanently stunted are today's programmers which have always collaborated with a compiler or interpreter, and never once written or even looked at assembly?
Just last night, while looking for clear technical information about MCP integration options for Gemini, I found this Google-written article[1], that -- with a positive, hype-compliant spin -- opens with:
> Have you ever had something on the tip of your tongue, but you weren’t exactly sure how to describe what’s in your mind?
> For developers, this is where "vibe coding " comes in. Vibe coding helps developers achieve their vision with models like Gemini 2.5 Pro to generate code from natural language prompts. Instead of writing every line of code, developers can now describe the desired functionality in plain language. AI translates these "vibes" into your vision.
That's not thinking.
We've even appropriated "vibe" terminology, which means something like emotional gut feel, without having to think about it. (Mostly associated with wake-and-bake stoners, who've self-imposed two-digit IQs and munchies, and who will sometimes speak in terms of "vibes", for lack of further analytic capacity.)
Recognizing that the top killer app for "AI" right now is cheating on homework, the collaborate-with-AI 'skill' is like the well-known collaborate-with-lab-partner. The lab partner who does all the work, while the slacking student learns nothing, and therefore the slacker fails the exam. (But, near-term, the slacker might scrape by with a C- for the class, due to copying the lab portion, and due to an instructor who now just wants to be rid of the hopeless student.)
You call compilers "levels of abstraction but still thinking", I call LLMs yet another level of abstraction.
This isn't really some new concept, the only thing new is that it's being applied to areas that haven't historically had a ton of automation.
Hand-wringing about LLMs and "not thinking" is the same thing that was hand-wrung about students using calculators and not knowing how to do long division. Or using a computer lookup and not knowing how to use the dewey decimal system. Heck, or using an automobile/bicycle and not knowing how to shoe a horse.
People over the last decade have demonstrated they are perfectly capable of generating large quantities of crappy, not-thought-out code all on their own. Just look around you. LLMs democratize the lowest common denominator, and those that are doing sufficiently difficult, nuanced, unique things that they actually need to know what they're doing, will continue to do so.
I don't think LLMs will reduce the abilities of the 10% best software engineers, and I don't think the quality of output of the rest will meaningfully change.
In this thread, I'm responding to the question of whether you teach a child the things, vs. OP's "Knowing fundamentals is always useful, but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill."
I agree that our field is already full of poo. But, at least with one child, we have a chance to nurture them to be much better than that.
I'll make that argument with enthusiasm and determination.
We're trying to teach a child. That requires things like maintaining interest. Results beat out rigor and fundamentals every time. Teaching primitives is how they lose interest, showing them "this is how you make a game with an LLM, here's the game!" followed by, if they're interested, showing how to change certain things in code, is how they want to learn more.
In a similar vein, MythBusters got more kids into science than any scientific paper ever did, rigor be damned. When you teach a child, you want to emphasize "you, too, can do this!" not "a monad is a monoid in the category of endofunctors".
Let the child's interest guide them and you, not your interest.
Some of what you're arguing agrees with what I said in previous comments in this thread.
What I disagree about is pushbutton generative "AI" popping out the end product.
I want kids to learn by figuring out things as they're building something that they want to build.
And when they can't independently invent a concept or technique that they need for something they're building, you can nudge them. (Example: Their 2D video game screen refreshes are too slow, and now they would be excited to be introduced to double-buffering. And now they'll know exactly why they need it and how it works. So, the next time they need a related graphics improvement, they've had that prior learning experience, and might be able to figure it out on their own.)
Imagine if young Carmack had been plopped down in front of a vibe coding session for Unity or Unreal, stated what he wanted, and it emitted yet another generic 3D first-person shooter. Would he have ever been motivated to innovate anything, and if he was, would he have the cognitive strength and learning skill to do so?
Considering the ridiculous amount of memory and cpu very simple apps use nowadays, in large part thanks to things that enable developers to optimise for their own time, rather than compute, I think you’ve unintentionally hit the nail on the head.
Very few developers today care about resource usage and resource management. Very few developers even understand that there’s something there to care about.
It wasn't unintentional. Like I pointed out in a sibling comment, I agree that plenty of present day programmers are not amazing.
Things like compilers and LLMs decrease the necessary skill to become a programmer, but neither will decrease the skill or quantities of the most skilled programmers.
> How permanently stunted are today's programmers which have always collaborated with a compiler or interpreter, and never once written or even looked at assembly?
You are already on the right track. Fundamentals are far more important that trying to teach them whatever is current in the industry, whether that is a popular language or using AI. Those things change over time. Fundamentals do not. So keep on teaching those basics, and he'll figure out whatever the current toolkits are, as needed, just like we do.
Which fundamentals may vary. College insisted I learn binary and bit shifting, which I've never had to use without libraries doing most of the heavy lifting. Data structures was more useful, though the business focus was at odds with where game dev was at the time.
Games in particular are such a vast mix of skills, techniques, and ever shifting market demand. I left game modding and went full time into biz software as my pixel painting and low-poly modeling skills were falling out of favor. Art fundamentals served me well enough, but I was far too slow an artist to put out high fidelity work at the new pace.
When my dad gave me QBasic, I bounced off it hard and thought I hated programming. Meanwhile I was programming games with tools like Klik-n-Play, Con, and batch files. Later in university I had to learn several programming languages and finally it clicked.
My 2 year old is already way too good at problem solving and it causes me significant problems.
His favourite book at the moment is "Baby Loves Coding" mostly because it features a train.
He has a phonics laptop that he drags around the house, types on it madly then uses it as a step to climb over obstacles. He already uses 3 or 4 step logic when trying to get things, like seeking a second tool to use to pull something he wants closer to him. Pushes a chair to the front door, climbs up and tries to operate the deadbolt.
My goal in the short term is to read to him more. Long term, I reckon he will be able to work with pygame before he is 10.
Who guided you? If you're like me, nobody. I was exposed to BASIC as my first programming language, and I just started doing stuff that seemed interesting. My school offered a few "computer math" classes as they were called at the time, which I elected to take, but nobody pushed me into it.
Give the kid some programming tools and leave him alone. Be there for questions, and brainstorming if he wants it. Otherwise let him figure it out. He'll shoot himself in the foot, and maybe get discouraged but if his interest is deep enough he'll persist.
This is how it was for me too, but I actually think the world has moved out from under us. The environment today is way more complex, and it's a lot harder to be proud of little things when you see people crowing about how they "wrote this little app over the weekend" and it's already polished and full of features. I remember being proud of my little unit converter that ran on the command line, and even more proud when I got an actual window to show up on a screen (GUI programming took a long time to get into). These days, those things just aren't special enough to keep them engaged. I don't know if it's just too commonplace now, or too complicated to get started, but it doesn't feel the same as it once did.
My kids have finally gotten hooked by godot, after a few years of building up a foundation with simple programming assignments. It's fun to see them digging in for hours to make something, but man, it was a long road to get here.
I come from a similar background and learned to program long before getting any formal cs education. The problem I find with my kid now is that back when I was learning the spectrum of things you could spend time on a computer was vastly smaller than it is today. The distractions are there and it's almost impossible for adults to avoid, imagine children.
A pet project a child commonly wants to develop is a video game. Now imagine going on Google and searching how to build a game and what kind of results you get. How do you convince that child that he doesn't need the shiny flashy thing the ads are trying to sell and just needs to sit down and learn real coding?
In my experience, most of the time when kids say they want to make games, that doesn't mean they want to code them. Making a game is usually not a task done by a lone coder. It is a task done by someone who can manage different technical, creative and business types. I think kids want to have ideas. This creativity can be captured by coding, maybe, but maybe there are better outlets for the individual. The director of street fighter 5, for example, started as a music composer.
I think it's important to really understand our kids. They may not have the experience or vocabulary to have this discussion. Wanting to make a game and coding are different things. You're on the right path in terms of breaking things down into smaller, solvable problems. Coding might be part of it, but translatable skills to making a game might also include leading a band, making a short film, playing team sports, etc.
Mentoring some middle school kids right now and they are coding games. They didn't know they could do it. But it's really easy these days with modern tools. They love it. And doing the music and art and story as well.
I think it's best to start close to the goal and move into problem-solving once something is up and running and needs improvement or optimization. Focusing on CS fundamentals isn't always worthwhile, unless there's a genuine interest in computer science or math olympiad style problems. Today, we can operate at a higher level since most core algorithms are already available in libraries and frameworks.
Just my two cents: if your kids aren't very interested or ready for that kind of knowledge now, you might find that in a few years they can learn it surprisingly quickly if they're interested then. What takes months to teach early on might work in days or hours later.
> if your kids aren't very interested or ready for that kind of knowledge now
Roger that. I showed some Python magic to a pair of 10 year (or so) olds, they weren't too thrilled. Also Lego (my childhood magic) didn't do much for them. But they liked Minecraft well enough...
One of them is now an engineer, slinging C and Python as needed.
Have you used Alice recently, and if so what platform are you on? It seems to have become extremely crash-prone on recent versions of macOS, to the point that the school where I teach is planning to remove it from the curriculum next year, even though we otherwise like it a lot.
It gave them the experience of using a computer to create more complex things they wanted to create. They also got to experience the fun of iterating on something while playing with it. It kinda felt very natural for them
As long as they keep enjoying using these tools I believe they'll keep wanting to learn more
My teenagers have zero interest in programming. They like just about everything else other than programming. They both have the ability, but it’s not what they want to spend their time doing.
For what it’s worth I hated programming as a kid and was not interested in it and didn’t pick it up until well into university. A couple of my siblings followed the same arc.
The surest way I’ve seen is to show something practical that can be done - which can be relatively easy with things that interact with the real world - like programming Home Assistant to do things, especially things to annoy siblings and parents, like lights that turn themselves back off.
The consumer tech industry's primary objective is "engagement" aka wasting human time and is thus intentionally hostile to automation or any kind of programmatic interactions, so it isn't easy to find such things.
It's important to remember that the exercise of teaching children coding isn't so much about teaching them how to code, but how to think, how to plan, predict, conjecture, reason and so forth. It's just a convenient and quicker way of teaching these things than the alternatives.
If they have a good foundation in these things, then if they choose to go on to coding later they can learn all of the minutiae. But I've found in teaching it is important to stress that learning basic coding is _not_ about steering them towards coding as a career, or even a pursuit.
It _is_ important to stress that learning basic coding will help them become better problem solvers, better able to anticipate issues and mitigate them. And that this is useful to them in a wide variety of areas in which they may have interest, such as sports, engineering, adventuring etc. And yes, also learning how to guide an LLM.
So once you get those fundamentals down in the context of coding (Scratch, GameMaker, Logo, BASIC are all fine here), go practice them in more real-world applications. Those are the skills you need to foster, not object-oriented programming. And if they take an interest in going further with coding, then that's fine. They will have the tools they need to do that.
First just graphics, then functions without parameters to make a fixed drawing on demand, then add a parameter to choose size or color...
For games I think it's better to use absolute coordinates, so perhaps redo most of that without a turtle (and without rotations).
> That said, I wonder whether focusing on CS fundamentals is worth it. Knowing fundamentals is always useful, ...
Wait a little, until they learn to use the editor and run simple programs. Try to focus in teaching nice habits like not too many globals, but how many bits has a byte can wait.
> ... but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill.
I'd not worry too much. They will learn faster than you.
2. Context mapping - What is the environment and action space we’re operating in?
3. Problem decomposition - Given The previous how can I chunk the overall space of action into measurable and manageable parts to solve
4. Tool selection - what effector systems can I access and can they solve the subproblems?
5. Structured solution exploration - Now that I know my goal, context, problem heirarchy and tools, how do I create experimental system to progressively solve each subproblem and the intersection between them
Then it’s just running that until you have a solution
This transcends “coding” to more important thing which is holistic alignment of goal (direction) and action capabilities (magnitude) that results in a measured action vector which is discrete and bounded.
Not my son, but I did teach my younger brother programming. From when he was about 10 to when he was about 14. I started out when he was showing interest in my programming work. I ended up gifting him a book on programming for kids. Then nudging him into working on it every now and again and helping him out when he had issues. Mostly my goal was to make him motivated to learn (showing him interesting projects I had been working on, etc.). From my experience with motivation and time the skills will come themselves, without motivation, every attempt is pointless.
It was a slow burner but over the course of four years he ended up learning quite a lot. Now being one of the best programmers in his college.
I used Rust, partially because like you, I started with C at an early age, courtesy of my Academic father, who placed me in front of a Unix mainframe at the Uni "babysitting", and older children taught me.
To make it fun, I developed multiplayer games, and children program the actions of a robot avatar, so they have their character, and robot in the games. I also used it to teach mathematics.
I work teaching CS to a variety of age levels (admittedly mostly teenagers and older), and one thing I would recommend is broadening your consideration about what CS fundamentals might include. Picking up language syntax or new tools is easy enough at whatever age, but problem solving and planning skills are very tough to rebuild as they grow into adolescence.
One of my personal favorite resources is CS Unplugged. [1] It sidesteps any particular language or toolset in favor of pen-and-paper interaction.
I plan to begin and I grew up before the nineties. I probably know less than your kids. Paper is my native go-to. Thank you for this! Advice please: Can I get started using my now-antique Win 98 and Win7 hardware, while using phone or Win11 for online lookups?
It looks to me like there is consensus for Minecraft and Godot. I expect Minecraft to work on old hardware. How about Godot? Can it be used offline?
I have a 6 year old daughter—got her a lego boost robot kit recently and she seems to be taking to the programming aspect. It’s cool to watch her experimenting. It has a nice graphical block based programming environment that is pretty intuitive for her with an ipad. Makes programming concepts very concrete/tangible.
It’s fun for me too since learning to program robots has always been on my bucket list. Chatgpt helps since even though it’s meant to be intuitive, you still run into various issues pretty often, and documentation is scarce. Sending screenshots to o3 works amazingly well to get unstuck.
My kids have been interested in what I do but programming is too abstract for them. Instead I’ve used a “math circles,” approach with them and we play games. CS Unplugged [0] is a good resource. As well as family games such as Set and Zendo.
+ world history (antics, medieval, modern) and something useful and hands-on: pottery / sewing / carpentry / gardening/horticulture / basic farming.
curious kid will learn everything she needs with internet/chatgpt. Your goal is to make sure your kid is curious and not wasting time watching MrBeast or sending nudes on snapchat
Not a parent, I was a kid to a software developer and now I'm a software developer. I think the most important thing is nurturing curiosity. Whenever I wanted to know how something worked my dad would show me. Eventually I figured out how to learn things myself and it snowballed into the career I have now. I never felt dumb asking questions and now learning is my favorite thing to do. I was never taught to code, I figured it out myself using the curiosity my parents gave me.
I think Scratch is fantastic. You get concurrency, timers, reactive programming, multi-media, design elements, and no syntactic rules to learn. So many concepts.
Prompting, especially for code, is not too difficult of a skill to pick up, but the ability to A understand syntax and B develop the way of thinking is much harder.
I think the only way to learn to code is to really limit the use of AI (obvs can speed up some things, but never let him copy and paste from it)
I don't really think there is a substitute for encouraging him to push through without AI tbh.
When he eventually start's vibe coding, it will be like putting a v8 in a Ferrari instead of a VW golf.
I've had good success in the past using the old, non object oriented Blitz Basic, which is a basic dialect enabling you to program simple 2d shooter games within two or three screen pages.
Not sure what I'd use today though. I think the key is instant feedback and fun. Andre Lamothe has a Udemy Course teaching simple game programming using Javascript, which might be worth exploring.
@all Don't forget to help your kids learn to communicate, cooperate, stand for the healthy life on this wonderful planet (our common habitat) and resist being fooled and bullied.
There's a 3rd option. Teach programming like you self-taught leave CS for High School. Just teach a beginner programming language like you would teach a second natural language in a bilingual family. An AI assistant is useless to someone who does not know what "if" does, or order of operations or basic vocabulary, syntax, grammar, and symantics.
I setup an old Kano OS on Raspberry Pi 3 for my 8 yo boy. He managed to finish challenges upto Level 8 by himself mostly. The OS has block based programming challenges and games. The Pi PC is his and he is hacking it whenever he feels like. No pressure, not forcing him to learn coding or anything. I'm curious how it will unfold in later years.
Mine are both teens now. We started with Codea, Pythonista and Swift Playgrounds and then moved to pico-8 (highest recommendation I can give to anything). Now they’re using Godot, plain Python/pygame and Swift.
There was zero emphasis on CS fundamentals - they went out and explored those themselves.
When my child was in the 9-12 year range we did programming with Godot. He liked building games so it maintained interest. Previously he had been working Scratch and the Godot editor was a much easier on ramp to building more complicated games than trying to do them in Java or Python.
My 14 yr old wants nothing to do with coding. She hates scratch which I think spoiled the experience for her. I think schools should dump scratch and move directly to programming languages. Besides she’s at the age now where she doesn’t want the parents in her business.
I started my kids on turtle graphics. There's a good implementation that comes with python that's very easy to get up-and-running, to the point where it quite reminds me of BASIC on the kinds of microcomputers I got started on as a kid.
Minecraft. After a while they'll want to write their own plugins. They will feel instant power when they learn the can run their own server with their own plugins and can change the actual game! (Worked for my nephew anyway).
Code.org has a fantastic suite of tutorials aimed at kids that use a Scratch-like environment but it also gets to the point where you’re writing code. Also free. Teaches concepts of control flow, functions, algorithms, etc.
Creative coding events like #Genuary (January) and #Minacoding (June) are good ways to pique interest too, each day is a different prompt to create something new using whatever you like.
Don't teach your kids programming. Answer their questions when they have them, stop them when they're doing something obviously stupid (like too many hours on the computer, staying up too late, punching/yelling at the computer, that sorta stuff), but do not actively participate. Let them have their fun. Above all, do not get them a personal computer that is located in their own room.
In other words, be a parent, not a friend or, even worse, a colleague.
I have 3 kids, all around the same age (K/1). They all got laptops about 18 months ago for christmas. I installed mint linux on all of them, and installed a few free/libre games for them to play, and I self-host the game server at home.
One game they play is luanti (formerly minetest). I gave them instructions on how to clone the git repository for the game, run the build script, and then start the game. They've probably forgotten the build instructions, but they know to play, they have to type `cd code/minetest` and then `bin/luanti`. Occasionally they have to run `git pull` to update the code on their computers. I handle all the game server administration.
I initially blocked all internet access with a kill switch, but this quickly became an issue because you need to be able to run `apt update` and a few other commands to keep the system up to date. So now I run a proxy server called e2guardian that lets them access sites that I choose.
Later, I introduced them to scratch, and I downloaded the entirely of griffpatch's youtube library with yt-dlp and organized it into folders on each of their computers. I've done the same thing with other tutorial style videos. They don't have access to youtube, and I don't really think it makes sense to give them access at this age.
They run scratch locally, as opposed to using scratch.mit.edu. I enabled the scratch website for a couple of days as a treat for them, and as expected, they spent most of the time exploring and playing others' games, but very little time building their own. I sort of expected this to happen, so we closed off access a few days later, and they took some of the ideas they saw online and started playing with them locally.
So my experience is:
a) linux makes a great platform for kids, since it's very easy to tweak things to stop behaviors that you don't want to reinforce. e.g. `sudo chmod 400 /usr/local/games` turns off all the games, `sudo killall kidname` will close the desktop session if your kid isn't listening when it's time for bed, you can set up time-based login policies with pam_time, you can install your own root certificates for SSL MITM, etc.
b) games reinforce that "computers are fun", and games like luanti are free, open-source, and hackable.
c) interest in games naturally spills over into interest in making your own games.
If you want to try luanti/minetest, I recently cleaned up/released a mod that I built for the kids last year called turtlebots. It's a visual programming tool that lets you program little turtle-shaped robots that can navigate in a minecraft-style world and build things as they move around. Source is here: https://github.com/jmole/turtlebots
showed my son how to write batch files, noticed he was getting interested so i showed him how powershell works. he got even more interested so I have ever since bought a family premium lic for youtube and let him teach himself.
he's teaching himself c, c#, openGL, c++ etc etc. kids these days learn at their own rate via youtube in my experiance.
8 year old badly wants to be an engineer like his dad. :’) Public school got him into Scratch so he was animating things. The high school robotics team I mentor has Lego robotics kits for their community outreach program. Those kits use Scratch. So I got him a used kit and he spends an absolutely ridiculous amount of time making robots that do stuff.
This started at a very young age: we gave him access to a windows PC, not a tablet. So by 3 he could log in and get to YouTube kids. This meant that keyboard and mouse and web browser were very comfortable concepts.
We also gave him and his younger brother countless building toys. Meccano. Lego Technic.
A few lessons I’d love to empart:
- you can’t make your kid into this. His younger brother has no interest and is far more about sports. So we nurture that with him instead.
- open ended learning. I’m not sitting down and teaching him. All I do is make sure he has access to the tools, and I unstick him when he’s stuck.
- I connect concepts when I see them. “That’s called a loop. It’s just like that thing you did in Minecraft to make your machine work over and over again.”
- the learning must all be a side effect of having fun. Don’t try to teach programming. Do fun things and fill in the programming toolbox, tool by tool, as they’re needed.
- connect programming to what your kid is passionate about. Programming is a means to an end, not the end itself. My kid loves trains and has a Lego train set. I suggested he use his technic to automate the track switch. I then let him work at it for hours and hours over weeks, giving him breadcrumbs of what to consider next.
When I was younger, the "logo" computer language was well-regarded for education of the young.
It is now a JavaScript platform:
https://turtlespaces.org/
Historical background may be helpful:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)
Smalltalk, as the founding language for object-oriented programming, was originally targeted at children.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk
I don't think any operational versions still exist.
There is a turtle graphics framework in the Python standard library: https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
Pharo is a cross-platform implementation of the classic Smalltalk-80 programming language and runtime system: https://pharo.org/
> - you can’t make your kid into this.
Thanks for saying this up front. Worth repeating.
May I ask which Lego robotics kit you refer to? My 5 year old is mad about Lego, and motors and electronics. I’d love to connect them all into one thing for him for his 6th birthday..
I got a used Spike kit. But the new ones are very expensive. The Mindstorms NXT are older but also use Scratch and are pretty decent hardware. I’d definitely approach this by looking for a used set unless you’ve got money for it. :)
Goboscript was on HN a few days ago https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44026799
for when they grow up =)
This is great advice.
I have run a codeclub for 10 years. Here’s some quick thoughts:
- Make them curious, if they are curious they will teach themselves. Example: don’t tell them what a for loop is, make a project where they really need it, but let them first to write it very verbosely without loops, then they will almost invent it themselves and be relived when you teach them (same style can be applied to most things)
- make projects that have low entry level, but where they can improve it infinitely. E.g. build an aquarium simulator or a city simulator using p5.js
- make them collaborate with other kids if possible, often they learn better from their peers than listening to their parents. Facilitate collaboration, and help them come up with more and more difficult projects, that require more and more of them, so they don’t stay on the same level too long
These are awesome pointers. I especially agree with your first point about writing verbosely - I would do this all the time when I was teaching kids. I would copy and paste things and write all kinds of hairy logic, so they can see how useful it is to use different syntax and apply some refactoring.
I still do that at 38 - I often write something, copy-paste and edit something, and do it a few times until I figure out exactly what needs looping over. It's not always clear if you use coding as part of understanding the problem domain.
This is pretty much the answer.
- I made this little thing with 100 levels, each easy enough to do in 30 seconds to 2 minutes: https://akkartik.name/post/2024-10-26-devlog. My kid has zero patience for lecturing, and this is me trying to sneak through that filter.
- When you get to the end, it turns out you're pretty close to a game of Pong or Snake, and it's been interesting to see people build toward one vs the other. I've been obsessed with Snake lately, alternating between playing it and hacking on it: https://merveilles.town/@akkartik/114547652849162554
p5 first sparked my interest in programming 10+ years ago when I was in secondary school. Definitely recommend.
I taught kids how to code for several years, both in person and through a website that taught Python to ~500k kids. My eternal advice with teaching CS is to delay abstractions as long as possible. Teach them how to draw a circle on a canvas, then get them to move the circle to different parts of the canvas, then get them to draw multiple overlapping circles/rectangles/etc. Once you've got that down, make a bouncing ball animation, simple games, and so on. Most kids don't really care for leetcode problems these days, so it's best to stick to things that are visual, creative, and instant-feedback (i.e. games).
This was a really useful realization when I was teaching kids to code in person for ~5 years. I started off teaching Java with an abstraction layer (https://www.bluej.org/), but I found that many students would be intimidated by anything that ventured outside of the abstraction (e.g. just run `javac` on your computer with a `.java` file). My most successful students intuitively understood how to turn a text file on their computer into a useful piece of compiled code, or into a JAR bundle that they could share with others. They also used the various abstractions that were thoughtfully introduced over time - e.g. an IDE that gives you a run button, libraries like Firebase which enable some exciting multiplayer game options, and so on.
My experience also shown that Python, being considered "simple", is actually harder for students to learn. Things I took as obvious are not for first time coders:
Ok, so spaces and indentation matter. How many spaces exactly there should be around `=`?
`a[1]` -- does it fetch something or does it modify something?
`for k, v in a.items():` or `for i in range(10):` -- waaa? How many spaces there should be?
What do you mean my Python script doesn't run, you see I clicked it and it runs. What do you mean "interpreter"?
And the main issue -- types. I'm 100% convinced now that the first language must be strictly-typed, like Java, and don't use `var`, always use explicit types. Otherwise students don't think in terms of types, but "what I put there" like it can hold anything.
I've been increasingly concerned by packaged CS curricula that includes an overabundance of guidance and tooling. I've seen too many students complete a course (successfully!) and leave without any ability to start building projects of their own.
I don't want to end up as a curmudgeon griping about how "back in my day we didn't have an IDE!", as I'm in favor of giving students real world tools early, but I'm worried that we're filtering out some level of independence by sandboxing their learning so strictly.
Yeah, I'm an adult and half the time I find that abstractions just muddy the water. The correct amount of abstraction is not zero (possibility excepting the poor engineers who have to actually design microchips), but IMHO it's usually lower than people think it is.
As a heads up, I fell in love with abstractions as soon as I could understand them (at some point in age 12 or 13 I "invented" function calls in rpg maker events)
> Knowing fundamentals is always useful, but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill.
How difficult a skill is "collaborate with an AI" that it can't be picked up quickly at any time (and will be changing rapidly)?
And how permanently stunted is a person who always "collaborated" and never had to think.
> I’ve been focusing on fundamentals like logic, structure, and problem-solving.
These are good. And exploration, and having fun.
> CS fundamentals
You can gently drop CS-ish ideas, or more sophisticated programming ideas, as the kid is ready. For example, they're blocked on something they're building, and can't go any further, because they're trying to do everything as code with not enough data. So you show them what could be data, and what language feature enables that, and suddenly their code looks a little more sophisticated, and a lot less repetitive.
If they keep going, eventually they will want to frontload learn all the CS things. Not for Leetcode interviews, nor for whatever job-gatekeeping atrocity is made up next for people who also have to interview-prep to fake "passion".
> And how permanently stunted is a person who always "collaborated" and never had to think.
How permanently stunted are today's programmers which have always collaborated with a compiler or interpreter, and never once written or even looked at assembly?
That's levels of abstraction, but still thinking.
Just last night, while looking for clear technical information about MCP integration options for Gemini, I found this Google-written article[1], that -- with a positive, hype-compliant spin -- opens with:
> Have you ever had something on the tip of your tongue, but you weren’t exactly sure how to describe what’s in your mind?
> For developers, this is where "vibe coding " comes in. Vibe coding helps developers achieve their vision with models like Gemini 2.5 Pro to generate code from natural language prompts. Instead of writing every line of code, developers can now describe the desired functionality in plain language. AI translates these "vibes" into your vision.
That's not thinking.
We've even appropriated "vibe" terminology, which means something like emotional gut feel, without having to think about it. (Mostly associated with wake-and-bake stoners, who've self-imposed two-digit IQs and munchies, and who will sometimes speak in terms of "vibes", for lack of further analytic capacity.)
Recognizing that the top killer app for "AI" right now is cheating on homework, the collaborate-with-AI 'skill' is like the well-known collaborate-with-lab-partner. The lab partner who does all the work, while the slacking student learns nothing, and therefore the slacker fails the exam. (But, near-term, the slacker might scrape by with a C- for the class, due to copying the lab portion, and due to an instructor who now just wants to be rid of the hopeless student.)
[1] https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/b...
You call compilers "levels of abstraction but still thinking", I call LLMs yet another level of abstraction.
This isn't really some new concept, the only thing new is that it's being applied to areas that haven't historically had a ton of automation.
Hand-wringing about LLMs and "not thinking" is the same thing that was hand-wrung about students using calculators and not knowing how to do long division. Or using a computer lookup and not knowing how to use the dewey decimal system. Heck, or using an automobile/bicycle and not knowing how to shoe a horse.
People over the last decade have demonstrated they are perfectly capable of generating large quantities of crappy, not-thought-out code all on their own. Just look around you. LLMs democratize the lowest common denominator, and those that are doing sufficiently difficult, nuanced, unique things that they actually need to know what they're doing, will continue to do so.
I don't think LLMs will reduce the abilities of the 10% best software engineers, and I don't think the quality of output of the rest will meaningfully change.
In this thread, I'm responding to the question of whether you teach a child the things, vs. OP's "Knowing fundamentals is always useful, but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill."
I agree that our field is already full of poo. But, at least with one child, we have a chance to nurture them to be much better than that.
I'll make that argument with enthusiasm and determination.
I completely disagree.
We're trying to teach a child. That requires things like maintaining interest. Results beat out rigor and fundamentals every time. Teaching primitives is how they lose interest, showing them "this is how you make a game with an LLM, here's the game!" followed by, if they're interested, showing how to change certain things in code, is how they want to learn more.
In a similar vein, MythBusters got more kids into science than any scientific paper ever did, rigor be damned. When you teach a child, you want to emphasize "you, too, can do this!" not "a monad is a monoid in the category of endofunctors".
Let the child's interest guide them and you, not your interest.
Some of what you're arguing agrees with what I said in previous comments in this thread.
What I disagree about is pushbutton generative "AI" popping out the end product.
I want kids to learn by figuring out things as they're building something that they want to build.
And when they can't independently invent a concept or technique that they need for something they're building, you can nudge them. (Example: Their 2D video game screen refreshes are too slow, and now they would be excited to be introduced to double-buffering. And now they'll know exactly why they need it and how it works. So, the next time they need a related graphics improvement, they've had that prior learning experience, and might be able to figure it out on their own.)
Imagine if young Carmack had been plopped down in front of a vibe coding session for Unity or Unreal, stated what he wanted, and it emitted yet another generic 3D first-person shooter. Would he have ever been motivated to innovate anything, and if he was, would he have the cognitive strength and learning skill to do so?
Considering the ridiculous amount of memory and cpu very simple apps use nowadays, in large part thanks to things that enable developers to optimise for their own time, rather than compute, I think you’ve unintentionally hit the nail on the head.
Very few developers today care about resource usage and resource management. Very few developers even understand that there’s something there to care about.
It wasn't unintentional. Like I pointed out in a sibling comment, I agree that plenty of present day programmers are not amazing.
Things like compilers and LLMs decrease the necessary skill to become a programmer, but neither will decrease the skill or quantities of the most skilled programmers.
> How permanently stunted are today's programmers which have always collaborated with a compiler or interpreter, and never once written or even looked at assembly?
Not fatally, but the answer to that is not zero
That's tricky.
Did people who would become programmers become worse programmers?
Or did programming just become more accessible, drawing more mediocre talent and dragging down the average skill level?
You are already on the right track. Fundamentals are far more important that trying to teach them whatever is current in the industry, whether that is a popular language or using AI. Those things change over time. Fundamentals do not. So keep on teaching those basics, and he'll figure out whatever the current toolkits are, as needed, just like we do.
Which fundamentals may vary. College insisted I learn binary and bit shifting, which I've never had to use without libraries doing most of the heavy lifting. Data structures was more useful, though the business focus was at odds with where game dev was at the time.
Games in particular are such a vast mix of skills, techniques, and ever shifting market demand. I left game modding and went full time into biz software as my pixel painting and low-poly modeling skills were falling out of favor. Art fundamentals served me well enough, but I was far too slow an artist to put out high fidelity work at the new pace.
When my dad gave me QBasic, I bounced off it hard and thought I hated programming. Meanwhile I was programming games with tools like Klik-n-Play, Con, and batch files. Later in university I had to learn several programming languages and finally it clicked.
My 2 year old is already way too good at problem solving and it causes me significant problems.
His favourite book at the moment is "Baby Loves Coding" mostly because it features a train.
He has a phonics laptop that he drags around the house, types on it madly then uses it as a step to climb over obstacles. He already uses 3 or 4 step logic when trying to get things, like seeking a second tool to use to pull something he wants closer to him. Pushes a chair to the front door, climbs up and tries to operate the deadbolt.
My goal in the short term is to read to him more. Long term, I reckon he will be able to work with pygame before he is 10.
Who guided you? If you're like me, nobody. I was exposed to BASIC as my first programming language, and I just started doing stuff that seemed interesting. My school offered a few "computer math" classes as they were called at the time, which I elected to take, but nobody pushed me into it.
Give the kid some programming tools and leave him alone. Be there for questions, and brainstorming if he wants it. Otherwise let him figure it out. He'll shoot himself in the foot, and maybe get discouraged but if his interest is deep enough he'll persist.
This is how it was for me too, but I actually think the world has moved out from under us. The environment today is way more complex, and it's a lot harder to be proud of little things when you see people crowing about how they "wrote this little app over the weekend" and it's already polished and full of features. I remember being proud of my little unit converter that ran on the command line, and even more proud when I got an actual window to show up on a screen (GUI programming took a long time to get into). These days, those things just aren't special enough to keep them engaged. I don't know if it's just too commonplace now, or too complicated to get started, but it doesn't feel the same as it once did.
My kids have finally gotten hooked by godot, after a few years of building up a foundation with simple programming assignments. It's fun to see them digging in for hours to make something, but man, it was a long road to get here.
I come from a similar background and learned to program long before getting any formal cs education. The problem I find with my kid now is that back when I was learning the spectrum of things you could spend time on a computer was vastly smaller than it is today. The distractions are there and it's almost impossible for adults to avoid, imagine children.
A pet project a child commonly wants to develop is a video game. Now imagine going on Google and searching how to build a game and what kind of results you get. How do you convince that child that he doesn't need the shiny flashy thing the ads are trying to sell and just needs to sit down and learn real coding?
In my experience, most of the time when kids say they want to make games, that doesn't mean they want to code them. Making a game is usually not a task done by a lone coder. It is a task done by someone who can manage different technical, creative and business types. I think kids want to have ideas. This creativity can be captured by coding, maybe, but maybe there are better outlets for the individual. The director of street fighter 5, for example, started as a music composer.
I think it's important to really understand our kids. They may not have the experience or vocabulary to have this discussion. Wanting to make a game and coding are different things. You're on the right path in terms of breaking things down into smaller, solvable problems. Coding might be part of it, but translatable skills to making a game might also include leading a band, making a short film, playing team sports, etc.
Mentoring some middle school kids right now and they are coding games. They didn't know they could do it. But it's really easy these days with modern tools. They love it. And doing the music and art and story as well.
I think it's best to start close to the goal and move into problem-solving once something is up and running and needs improvement or optimization. Focusing on CS fundamentals isn't always worthwhile, unless there's a genuine interest in computer science or math olympiad style problems. Today, we can operate at a higher level since most core algorithms are already available in libraries and frameworks.
Just my two cents: if your kids aren't very interested or ready for that kind of knowledge now, you might find that in a few years they can learn it surprisingly quickly if they're interested then. What takes months to teach early on might work in days or hours later.
Also, don't forget to explore https://www.alice.org/ it's a 3D way to get started.
> if your kids aren't very interested or ready for that kind of knowledge now
Roger that. I showed some Python magic to a pair of 10 year (or so) olds, they weren't too thrilled. Also Lego (my childhood magic) didn't do much for them. But they liked Minecraft well enough...
One of them is now an engineer, slinging C and Python as needed.
Have you used Alice recently, and if so what platform are you on? It seems to have become extremely crash-prone on recent versions of macOS, to the point that the school where I teach is planning to remove it from the curriculum next year, even though we otherwise like it a lot.
The last time was on Windows, there were more active before. I think in macOS you should play with a good Java installation support.
Nice, hadn’t seen Alice. Thanks for the rec.
With kids under 8, been doing some light "vibecoding". I am their typist as they guide the ai to do stuff they want. Like these:
* https://openjam.ai/stupid_coral_852/8s0opc6yc5
* https://openjam.ai/stupid_coral_852/y2hj69iqvo
It gave them the experience of using a computer to create more complex things they wanted to create. They also got to experience the fun of iterating on something while playing with it. It kinda felt very natural for them
As long as they keep enjoying using these tools I believe they'll keep wanting to learn more
My teenagers have zero interest in programming. They like just about everything else other than programming. They both have the ability, but it’s not what they want to spend their time doing.
For what it’s worth I hated programming as a kid and was not interested in it and didn’t pick it up until well into university. A couple of my siblings followed the same arc.
The surest way I’ve seen is to show something practical that can be done - which can be relatively easy with things that interact with the real world - like programming Home Assistant to do things, especially things to annoy siblings and parents, like lights that turn themselves back off.
> show something practical that can be done
The consumer tech industry's primary objective is "engagement" aka wasting human time and is thus intentionally hostile to automation or any kind of programmatic interactions, so it isn't easy to find such things.
It's important to remember that the exercise of teaching children coding isn't so much about teaching them how to code, but how to think, how to plan, predict, conjecture, reason and so forth. It's just a convenient and quicker way of teaching these things than the alternatives.
If they have a good foundation in these things, then if they choose to go on to coding later they can learn all of the minutiae. But I've found in teaching it is important to stress that learning basic coding is _not_ about steering them towards coding as a career, or even a pursuit.
It _is_ important to stress that learning basic coding will help them become better problem solvers, better able to anticipate issues and mitigate them. And that this is useful to them in a wide variety of areas in which they may have interest, such as sports, engineering, adventuring etc. And yes, also learning how to guide an LLM.
So once you get those fundamentals down in the context of coding (Scratch, GameMaker, Logo, BASIC are all fine here), go practice them in more real-world applications. Those are the skills you need to foster, not object-oriented programming. And if they take an interest in going further with coding, then that's fine. They will have the tools they need to do that.
Probably start with a turtle, like https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
First just graphics, then functions without parameters to make a fixed drawing on demand, then add a parameter to choose size or color...
For games I think it's better to use absolute coordinates, so perhaps redo most of that without a turtle (and without rotations).
> That said, I wonder whether focusing on CS fundamentals is worth it. Knowing fundamentals is always useful, ...
Wait a little, until they learn to use the editor and run simple programs. Try to focus in teaching nice habits like not too many globals, but how many bits has a byte can wait.
> ... but learning to collaborate with an AI is probably the more important long-term skill.
I'd not worry too much. They will learn faster than you.
Father of three here (ages 11-15)
I teach them the following:
1. Goal determination - what do you want to do?
2. Context mapping - What is the environment and action space we’re operating in?
3. Problem decomposition - Given The previous how can I chunk the overall space of action into measurable and manageable parts to solve
4. Tool selection - what effector systems can I access and can they solve the subproblems?
5. Structured solution exploration - Now that I know my goal, context, problem heirarchy and tools, how do I create experimental system to progressively solve each subproblem and the intersection between them
Then it’s just running that until you have a solution
This transcends “coding” to more important thing which is holistic alignment of goal (direction) and action capabilities (magnitude) that results in a measured action vector which is discrete and bounded.
Not my son, but I did teach my younger brother programming. From when he was about 10 to when he was about 14. I started out when he was showing interest in my programming work. I ended up gifting him a book on programming for kids. Then nudging him into working on it every now and again and helping him out when he had issues. Mostly my goal was to make him motivated to learn (showing him interesting projects I had been working on, etc.). From my experience with motivation and time the skills will come themselves, without motivation, every attempt is pointless.
It was a slow burner but over the course of four years he ended up learning quite a lot. Now being one of the best programmers in his college.
I started a coding class at school because my 8yo preferred learning with friends.
I made a website for parents to see, at http://rustycc.com.au/whyrust for more details of why I chose Rust.
I used Rust, partially because like you, I started with C at an early age, courtesy of my Academic father, who placed me in front of a Unix mainframe at the Uni "babysitting", and older children taught me.
To make it fun, I developed multiplayer games, and children program the actions of a robot avatar, so they have their character, and robot in the games. I also used it to teach mathematics.
We faced something similar and ended up creating an internal style and PR review guide — might be helpful: https://rkoots.github.io/styleguide/
I work teaching CS to a variety of age levels (admittedly mostly teenagers and older), and one thing I would recommend is broadening your consideration about what CS fundamentals might include. Picking up language syntax or new tools is easy enough at whatever age, but problem solving and planning skills are very tough to rebuild as they grow into adolescence.
One of my personal favorite resources is CS Unplugged. [1] It sidesteps any particular language or toolset in favor of pen-and-paper interaction.
[1] https://www.csunplugged.org/
I plan to begin and I grew up before the nineties. I probably know less than your kids. Paper is my native go-to. Thank you for this! Advice please: Can I get started using my now-antique Win 98 and Win7 hardware, while using phone or Win11 for online lookups?
It looks to me like there is consensus for Minecraft and Godot. I expect Minecraft to work on old hardware. How about Godot? Can it be used offline?
I have a 6 year old daughter—got her a lego boost robot kit recently and she seems to be taking to the programming aspect. It’s cool to watch her experimenting. It has a nice graphical block based programming environment that is pretty intuitive for her with an ipad. Makes programming concepts very concrete/tangible.
It’s fun for me too since learning to program robots has always been on my bucket list. Chatgpt helps since even though it’s meant to be intuitive, you still run into various issues pretty often, and documentation is scarce. Sending screenshots to o3 works amazingly well to get unstuck.
I wonder if the next generation of dads will be teaching their kids how to ‘vibe code’ with fun and simple prompting in the age of LLMs.
This is readily accessible to non tech savvy parents and was never an option before, but here we are in 2025 with AI coding tools front and center.
What about using LLMs to help break down the concepts in kid friendly terms, lowering the cognitive load for exhausted parents.
I can even see it as an extension of your lesson plan, further guiding them like a virtual tutor version of yourself. Thoughts?
My kids have been interested in what I do but programming is too abstract for them. Instead I’ve used a “math circles,” approach with them and we play games. CS Unplugged [0] is a good resource. As well as family games such as Set and Zendo.
[0] https://www.csunplugged.org/en/#:~:text=CS%20Unplugged%20is%...
programming can be picked up any time, rather invest time into building curiosity and basic fundamental sciences: math, physics, and micro/biology.
these three fields underpin all advanced sciences
+ world history (antics, medieval, modern) and something useful and hands-on: pottery / sewing / carpentry / gardening/horticulture / basic farming.
curious kid will learn everything she needs with internet/chatgpt. Your goal is to make sure your kid is curious and not wasting time watching MrBeast or sending nudes on snapchat
Fantasic advice. Programming is something you can teach yourself. Spend the "teacher time" learning science.
Not a parent, I was a kid to a software developer and now I'm a software developer. I think the most important thing is nurturing curiosity. Whenever I wanted to know how something worked my dad would show me. Eventually I figured out how to learn things myself and it snowballed into the career I have now. I never felt dumb asking questions and now learning is my favorite thing to do. I was never taught to code, I figured it out myself using the curiosity my parents gave me.
I think Scratch is fantastic. You get concurrency, timers, reactive programming, multi-media, design elements, and no syntactic rules to learn. So many concepts.
As a next step, I'd suggest GoboScript, that was on HN a few days back. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44026799
This is Scratch with a textual interface, with a few lovely and much needed extras.
Prompting, especially for code, is not too difficult of a skill to pick up, but the ability to A understand syntax and B develop the way of thinking is much harder.
I think the only way to learn to code is to really limit the use of AI (obvs can speed up some things, but never let him copy and paste from it)
I don't really think there is a substitute for encouraging him to push through without AI tbh.
When he eventually start's vibe coding, it will be like putting a v8 in a Ferrari instead of a VW golf.
I've had good success in the past using the old, non object oriented Blitz Basic, which is a basic dialect enabling you to program simple 2d shooter games within two or three screen pages. Not sure what I'd use today though. I think the key is instant feedback and fun. Andre Lamothe has a Udemy Course teaching simple game programming using Javascript, which might be worth exploring.
@all Don't forget to help your kids learn to communicate, cooperate, stand for the healthy life on this wonderful planet (our common habitat) and resist being fooled and bullied.
> Veritasium: How One Company Secretly Poisoned The Planet https://youtube.com/watch?v=SC2eSujzrUY
Edits: minor typos.
There's a 3rd option. Teach programming like you self-taught leave CS for High School. Just teach a beginner programming language like you would teach a second natural language in a bilingual family. An AI assistant is useless to someone who does not know what "if" does, or order of operations or basic vocabulary, syntax, grammar, and symantics.
I setup an old Kano OS on Raspberry Pi 3 for my 8 yo boy. He managed to finish challenges upto Level 8 by himself mostly. The OS has block based programming challenges and games. The Pi PC is his and he is hacking it whenever he feels like. No pressure, not forcing him to learn coding or anything. I'm curious how it will unfold in later years.
My 8yo has an iPad with Osmo Awbie which he loves. You use physical tiles to program steps in a logic game like “move right 3”, “turn 90deg”…
They have a bunch of other programs too but for some reason I seem to only be able to find them on Amazon now.
He did want to create Roblox levels and Blender based characters and it was just too much to start with.
Mine are both teens now. We started with Codea, Pythonista and Swift Playgrounds and then moved to pico-8 (highest recommendation I can give to anything). Now they’re using Godot, plain Python/pygame and Swift.
There was zero emphasis on CS fundamentals - they went out and explored those themselves.
When my child was in the 9-12 year range we did programming with Godot. He liked building games so it maintained interest. Previously he had been working Scratch and the Godot editor was a much easier on ramp to building more complicated games than trying to do them in Java or Python.
My 14 yr old wants nothing to do with coding. She hates scratch which I think spoiled the experience for her. I think schools should dump scratch and move directly to programming languages. Besides she’s at the age now where she doesn’t want the parents in her business.
I started my kids on turtle graphics. There's a good implementation that comes with python that's very easy to get up-and-running, to the point where it quite reminds me of BASIC on the kinds of microcomputers I got started on as a kid.
What's the name of the implementation?
It's just "turtle": https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
Minecraft. After a while they'll want to write their own plugins. They will feel instant power when they learn the can run their own server with their own plugins and can change the actual game! (Worked for my nephew anyway).
Minecraft is great because even vanilla has “programming like” capabilities with red stone.
And then modded Minecraft can take you all the way, as far as you want to go.
Of course, I recommend starting with GregTech New Horizons - if they can survive that they’ll be able to handle anything!
Code.org has a fantastic suite of tutorials aimed at kids that use a Scratch-like environment but it also gets to the point where you’re writing code. Also free. Teaches concepts of control flow, functions, algorithms, etc.
It used to, but it sucks lately.
Creative coding events like #Genuary (January) and #Minacoding (June) are good ways to pique interest too, each day is a different prompt to create something new using whatever you like.
Thonny is real good for beginners in Python https://thonny.org/
Touch typing is fun amd magic for kids. 9 more keys left out of 26 for my kid. I clearly see her developing muscle memory faster than I did myself.
Ditto with my daughter. I don't really know if this helps them get into programming but she now types faster than me with much better accuracy.
Mine noticed that I did not look at the keyboard and she did think it was very cool! I told her it was simply a matter of practice.
This is probably our last chance to teach kids programming before it becomes utterly meaningless to do so over the next 5-10 years.
A real Roguelike like ADOM with ASCII graphics and key-based navigation is irreplaceable for teaching typing.
Not all but many kids are destined to hate what you’re good at.
Don't teach your kids programming. Answer their questions when they have them, stop them when they're doing something obviously stupid (like too many hours on the computer, staying up too late, punching/yelling at the computer, that sorta stuff), but do not actively participate. Let them have their fun. Above all, do not get them a personal computer that is located in their own room.
In other words, be a parent, not a friend or, even worse, a colleague.
consider colobot.
I have 3 kids, all around the same age (K/1). They all got laptops about 18 months ago for christmas. I installed mint linux on all of them, and installed a few free/libre games for them to play, and I self-host the game server at home.
One game they play is luanti (formerly minetest). I gave them instructions on how to clone the git repository for the game, run the build script, and then start the game. They've probably forgotten the build instructions, but they know to play, they have to type `cd code/minetest` and then `bin/luanti`. Occasionally they have to run `git pull` to update the code on their computers. I handle all the game server administration.
I initially blocked all internet access with a kill switch, but this quickly became an issue because you need to be able to run `apt update` and a few other commands to keep the system up to date. So now I run a proxy server called e2guardian that lets them access sites that I choose.
Later, I introduced them to scratch, and I downloaded the entirely of griffpatch's youtube library with yt-dlp and organized it into folders on each of their computers. I've done the same thing with other tutorial style videos. They don't have access to youtube, and I don't really think it makes sense to give them access at this age.
They run scratch locally, as opposed to using scratch.mit.edu. I enabled the scratch website for a couple of days as a treat for them, and as expected, they spent most of the time exploring and playing others' games, but very little time building their own. I sort of expected this to happen, so we closed off access a few days later, and they took some of the ideas they saw online and started playing with them locally.
So my experience is:
a) linux makes a great platform for kids, since it's very easy to tweak things to stop behaviors that you don't want to reinforce. e.g. `sudo chmod 400 /usr/local/games` turns off all the games, `sudo killall kidname` will close the desktop session if your kid isn't listening when it's time for bed, you can set up time-based login policies with pam_time, you can install your own root certificates for SSL MITM, etc.
b) games reinforce that "computers are fun", and games like luanti are free, open-source, and hackable.
c) interest in games naturally spills over into interest in making your own games.
If you want to try luanti/minetest, I recently cleaned up/released a mod that I built for the kids last year called turtlebots. It's a visual programming tool that lets you program little turtle-shaped robots that can navigate in a minecraft-style world and build things as they move around. Source is here: https://github.com/jmole/turtlebots
Spacechem!
showed my son how to write batch files, noticed he was getting interested so i showed him how powershell works. he got even more interested so I have ever since bought a family premium lic for youtube and let him teach himself.
he's teaching himself c, c#, openGL, c++ etc etc. kids these days learn at their own rate via youtube in my experiance.